Literature Database Entry

roesler2026open-source

Sascha Rösler, Anatolij Zubow and Falko Dressler, "Open-Source LoRa PHY for Medium-Range IoT: Reverse-Engineering SF 5 and SF 6," Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2026), Singapore, Singapore, September 2026. (to appear)

Abstract

LoRa’s extension into the 2.4 GHz ISM band introduced the new spreading factor (SF) 5 and SF 6, together with wider bandwidths of up to 1.625 MHz enabling higher data rates. However, these lower spreading factors remain unsupported in existing open-source LoRa implementations, leaving a critical gap for researchers and developers. In this paper, we reverse-engineer the framing and header encoding specific to SF 5 and SF 6 as implemented in the Semtech SX1280 transceiver. We identify three key differences from higher SFs: (i) modified synchronization field values, (ii) an added fine synchronization field, and (iii) disabled low data rate optimization (LDRO) for headers with SF ≤ 6. Based on these findings, we extend the open-source LoRa PHY implementation of Xu et al. [1] to fully support the additional two SFs. We validate our implementation through simulations in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, wired attenuation measurements, and over-the-air experiments using legacy LoRa hardware. Results reveal signal to noise ratio (SNR) sensitivity losses consistent with higher SFs.

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Sascha Rösler
Anatolij Zubow
Falko Dressler

BibTeX reference

@inproceedings{roesler2026open-source,
    author = {R{\"{o}}sler, Sascha and Zubow, Anatolij and Dressler, Falko},
    note = {to appear},
    title = {{Open-Source LoRa PHY for Medium-Range IoT: Reverse-Engineering SF 5 and SF 6}},
    publisher = {IEEE},
    address = {Singapore, Singapore},
    booktitle = {IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2026)},
    month = {9},
    year = {2026},
   }
   
   

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Last modified: 2026-06-04