Our team member Dr. Doganalp Ergenc and guest researcher Elena Tonini presented their works at WONS 2026 in Switzerland. In his paper Multi-Link Scheduling with Restricted Target Wake Time in Wi-Fi 7, Doganalp presents a novel time-sensitive scheduling approach levaraging the new features of Wi-Fi 7. In Leveraging Mutual Information in Stochastic CSI Analysis for Wi-Fi Sensing, Elena investigates the existence of mutual information across different CSI measurements in the context of Wi-Fi sensing. Last but not least, our external researchers Laura Finarelli and Berk Buzcu took part in the conference as web chair and local organizer, respectively. We thank and congratulate all our researchers for their contributions!

Our article Decentralized Model Predictive Control for Platooning: Enhancing Human-Driver Collaboration has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology. Recent advances in cooperative adaptive cruise control have demonstrated the potential for vehicle platooning to revolutionize road transportation through enhanced safety, reduced congestion, and improved energy efficiency. While autonomous vehicle technology continues to evolve rapidly, current regulatory frameworks and safety considerations necessitate the human driver supervision. This creates a unique challenge in developing control systems that can effectively balance autonomous operation with human intervention. To enhance the human-driver collaboration with autonomous vehicle platooning, in this paper, we present a novel decentralized model predictive control framework that explicitly incorporates human-driver interaction while maintaining desired inter-vehicle distances and velocities in platoon formations. This framework employs a distributed architecture where each vehicle operates independently and exchanges local measurements through vehicle-to-vehicle communication. To overcome the inherent unreliability of wireless communications in real-world scenarios, we develop a robust distributed state estimation strategy. This approach enables each vehicle to combine local sensor measurements with received data to construct accurate estimates of the full platoon state. Based on these estimates, vehicles compute optimal control actions locally while achieving performance comparable to an ideal centralized controller with perfect communication.

At the xG-Incubator networking event, our team member Jorge Torres Gómez presented the BACT-ID device concept, a microfluidic circuit for early detection of bacterial infections. The core idea is to embed physical signal processing directly into the geometry of a microfluidic chip, allowing it to amplify weak biomarker signals without increasing power consumption or system complexity. The concept integrates micro-sampling, BioFET sensing, and Bluetooth connectivity into a portable device. We aim to significantly improve sensitivity while reducing false positives to enable faster, more reliable detection of pathogen-specific biomarkers. Such a device would be used for applications including wound monitoring, sepsis screening, and antibiotic testing.

We welcome Dr. Dilara Aktas who joined our group in February 2026.

Falko Dressler gave a plenary talk titled Virtualized Edge Computing: Bridging Communications, Computing, and AI at the IEEE International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC 2026), which was held in Maui, HI.

Our article Fed-Grow: Federating to Grow Transformers for Resource-Constrained Users without Model Sharing has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems. The growing resource demands of large-scale transformer models pose significant challenges for resource-constrained users, particularly in distributed environments. To address this issue, we propose a federated learning framework called Fed-Grow, which enables multiple participants to collaboratively learn a lightweight scaling operation that transfers knowledge from pretrained small models to a large transformer model. In Fed-Grow, we introduce the Dual-LiGO (Dual Linear Growth Operator) architecture, consisting of Local-LiGO and Global-LiGO components. Local-LiGO addresses model heterogeneity by adapting each participant’s pre-trained model to a common intermediate form, while Global-LiGO facilitates knowledge sharing across participants without sharing local models or raw data, ensuring privacy preservation. This federated approach offers a scalable solution for growing large transformers in a distributed manner, where only the Global-LiGO is shared, significantly reducing communication overhead while maintaining comparable model performance under the same communication constraints.

TKN presented two tutorial lectures at the IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC 2026), which was held in Las Vegas, NV. Doğanalp Ergenç and Nurefşan Sertbaş Bülbül talked about IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking Beyond Theory: Convergence, Resilience, and Practical Insights. In parallel, Falko Dressler and Onur Altintas talked about Cooperative Computing and AI on Cars using 6G Virtualized Edge Computing.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled Virtualized Edge Computing for Resilient Edge-AI at the 1st International Workshop on AI-Native Connected Mobility (ACM 2026), which was held in Las Vegas, NV.

We are happy to be part of the xG Research and Innovation Cluster (xG-RIC). In this project, we will explore AI-native ORAN solutions, channel prediction techniques, the use of intelligent reflective surfaces, and advanced edge computing.

Our article Fed-RAA: Resource-Adaptive Asynchronous Federated Edge Learning with Theoretical Guarantee has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. This paper studies an efficient federated learning (FL) problem involving multiple edge-based clients with heterogeneous constrained resources. Compared with numerous training parameters, the computing and communication resources of clients in edge scenarios are usually insufficient for fast local training and real-time knowledge sharing. Besides, training on clients with heterogeneous resources may result in the straggler problem, which delays the convergence of FL. To address these issues, we propose Fed-RAA: a Resource-Adaptive Asynchronous Federated learning algorithm. Different from vanilla FL methods, where all parameters are trained by each participating client regardless of resource diversity, Fed-RAA adaptively allocates submodels of the global model to clients based on their computing and communication capabilities. Each client then individually trains its assigned submodel and asynchronously uploads the updated result. Theoretical analysis confirms the convergence of our approach. Additionally, an online greedy-based algorithm is designed for asynchronous submodel assignment in Fed-RAA, improving the convergence of Fed-RAA by optimal minimization on the training delay bound of submodels. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, our Fed-RAA algorithm reduces the time required to achieve the target accuracy by an average of 30.89%, demonstrating its superior efficiency on heterogeneous constrained computing and communication resources. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first resource-adaptive asynchronous method for submodel-based FL with guaranteed theoretical convergence.

We congratulate Jakob Rühlow and Lorenzo Imöhl von Flocken for receiving this year's Distinguished Student award at TKN! With the the award, we recognize their valued work and contributions as Student Research Assistant and Student Teaching Assistant, respectively.

The end of the year is near again. Today at TKN, we celebrated a successful 12 months reading and writing interesting papers, being part of inspiring teaching moments and meeting amazing new colleagues. We enjoyed a relaxed celebration and are grateful for our amazing team. Now, we wish all of our friends, collaborators, and followers a wonderful Christmas time, a good end to the year 2025 and a Happy New Year!

The DFG SPP Resilient Worlds co-organized the Workshop on Resilience in Next-Generation Wireless Communication Networks, held in conjunction with IEEE GLOBECOM 2025 in Taipei, Taiwan. The workshop featured 14 engaging presentations from the authors of accepted papers, complemented by a keynote talk on Next-Generation Vehicular Networks: Resilience, Twins, and Artificial Intelligence.

Our team member Osman Tugay Basaran presented our paper GNN-ATIVE: An AI-native, Graph-based Orchestrator for Next-Generation Wireless Networks at the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2025), which was held in Taipei, Taiwan. In this work, we introduce GNN-ATIVE, an AI-native orchestration framework that leverages Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and knowledge graphs (KGs) in a unified graph-based paradigm for network management. GNN-ATIVE uses a semantic knowledge graph to represent the network's state and context, employing standard ontologies to ensure consistency and interoperability.

Julian successfully defended his PhD on December 4, 2025. His dissertation is titled Advancing Cooperative Driving: From Information Freshness to Large-Scale and Personalized Platooning. He was awarded a Dr.-Ing. degree from TU Berlin.

We congratulate Adam Wolisz for being elevated to VDE ITG Fellow.

Our article Redundancy in WiFi 7: Combining Multi-link Operation with IEEE 802.1CB FRER has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Communications. The increasing complexity of modern industrial and manufacturing systems, featuring numerous sensors and mobile components, demands reliable, low-latency communication over wireless networks. WiFi 7 addresses these requirements through enhancements such as Multi-Link Operation (MLO), enabling simultaneous use of multiple frequency bands and offering inherent link diversity. This raises the question of whether MLO can be effectively leveraged for reliability in critical systems. In this paper, we explore the integration of IEEE 802.1CB Frame Replication and Elimination for Reliability (FRER), a core Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standard, over MLO to address this question. We present an open-source implementation of FRER over MLO in the OMNeT++ simulator, highlight key challenges in combining these technologies, and evaluate its effectiveness in improving reliability under wireless-specific conditions such as mobility and congestion. Our results demonstrate that FRER can enhance packet delivery ratio and ensure bounded latency, albeit at the expense of reduced channel efficiency due to redundancy.

Our article User Isolation Poisoning on Decentralized Federated Learning: An Adversarial Message Passing Graph Neural Network Approach has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.

TKN group presented three research contributions at the 31st ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2025), which was held in Hong Kong, China. Joana Angjo and Elena Tonini presented our poster mmWave CSI-based Sensing: a Feasibility Study and Doğanalp Ergenç presented our poster Towards Open Wireless Time-sensitive Networking in Linux. Furthermore, Youming Tao presented the our paper Differentially Private Matroid Bandits for Online Network Topology Optimization at the associated MobiArch workshop.

We are looking for talented students who want to pursue their PhD studies at the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, TU Berlin, Germany. The positions are part of the Telecommunication Networks group headed by Prof. Falko Dressler. Mission-critical systems, such as in industrial automation, rely on highly resilient, low-latency communication networks. However, current networking solutions - such as time-sensitive networking (TSN) for wired communication and WiFi 7 or 5G for wireless - lack a unified, resilience-centric approach that can withstand impaired link conditions, failures, and cyber-attacks. Accordingly, The Resilient Hybrid Time-sensitive Networks (RESERVE) project aims to ensure reliable end-to-end QoS through seamless hybrid integration that supports real-time, mixed-criticality traffic across wired and wireless links. Hybrid networks will be designed to adapt dynamically to failures, interference, and mobility without compromising service reliability. To enable scalable and adaptive orchestration, centralized, decentralized, and distributed control models will be investigated for resilient reconfiguration. In RESERVE, these objectives will be pursued through analytical modeling, AI-driven optimization, large-scale simulations, and real-world testbeds, leveraging TSN, WiFi 7, and 5G/6G technologies.

Our team member Jamshid Bacha recently had the opportunity to present our paper Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Approach for Interference Optimization in Wi-Fi 8 at the Middle East Conference on Communications and Networking (MECOM 2025) at the University of America in Cairo, Egypt. This work addresses a key challenge in modern wireless networks: interference management in dense Wi-Fi 8 deployments. We propose a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) framework that allows nearby access points (APs) to coordinate their beamforming and nulling decisions. The approach combines dynamic clustering to reduce channel state information overhead with intelligent coordination to improve spatial reuse.

Dr. Doganalp Ergenc and Prof. Falko Dressler chaired a special session on Resilience in Communication Systems at EW 2025, France. There were six papers presented in the session, addressing different resilience challenges and featuring authors from the Resilient Worlds team. You can access the full list of paper at the EW website.

The TKN group presented three research contributions at the 12th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication (NanoCom 2025) in Chengdu, China. Sunasheer Bhattacharjee presented his work on the detection of breath abnormalities using molecular communication in Breath Patterns as Signals: A Machine Learning-based Molecular Communication Perspective. Jorge Torres Gómez presented our poster Programmable Metabolic Disruption in Yeast Cells via Targeted Terahertz Excitation of Enzymes and Lisa Y. Debus presented the new version of our full-body simulation tool in collaboration with the University of Lübeck MEHLISSA in our poster MEHLISSA 2.0: Accelerating Full-body Molecular Communication Simulations.

Our article Operator Coexistence in IRS-Assisted mmWave Networks: A Wideband Approach has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Communications. Intelligent reconfigurable surfaces (IRSs) present a promising solution to these challenges by enhancing signal coverage and directing reflections, which also contribute to minimize loss. However, there are multiple challenges associated with IRS, which have to be addressed before full incorporation of this technology into existing networks. A key issue arises from the inability of IRS to filter out non-target signals from other frequency bands due to lack of bandpass filtering. In areas where multiple wireless operators are spatially nearby, even if they use different frequency bands, this may cause unwanted reflections that may degrade their communication performances. To address this challenge, we previously proposed a solution, which relied on partitioning an IRS into sub-surfaces (sub_IRS) and dynamically assigning operators to these sub_IRS. Results have shown that a proper assignment of wireless operators to sub_IRS can improve the overall performance compared to a random assignment. In this paper, we introduce a wideband approach, demonstrating that the impact from unwanted reflections can be mitigated by using wideband channels, as the average signal to noise ratio (SNR) across subcarriers is less adversely affected. This approach leverages frequency diversity to reduce SNR variance, as some of the subcarriers may be negatively affected while others benefit, resulting in maintaining a more consistent and robust system performance in the presence of IRS-induced unwanted reflections.

Simon Schmitz-Heinen and Sascha Rösler presented our paper Ce-Fi: Centralized Wi-Fi over Packet-Fronthaul and our poster Improving WiFi Ranging Through Frequency Diversity and Mobility at the Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), Sydney, Australia. The first work investigates Ce-Fi, a centralized Wi-Fi architecture operating over a packet-based fronthaul (FH) connecting the central unit with the remote radio heads. Ce-Fi employs a two-level design with two bands: the network discovery and user association is handled standard compliantly on one band while another band is used for the actual data transmission with the centralized Wi-Fi. To tolerate the FH-induced delay, we propose minor changes to the 802.11 medium access control protocol like NAV extension and the usage of a piggybacking mechanism enabling the C-RAN-AP to transmit without prior channel contention. The poster presents HopFTM to enhance FTM ranging accuracy by leveraging frequency diversity and space diversity through mobility. Specifically, HopFTM performs ranging on multiple radio channels. Additionally, in a mobile scenario, ranging is performed at multiple locations. Our experimental results using low-cost ESP32-S3 hardware reveal that selecting the smallest RTT value from all measured channels significantly improves accuracy, especially in environments with strong multi-path effects or non-line-of-sight conditions. In a static scenario by using the smallest RTT from four channels, we were able to reduce the median ranging error by 4× from 120 cm to 30 cm while the worst-case error was decreased from 15 m to 10 m, compared to traditional single-channel approach. In a mobile scenario, ranging measurements taken at different locations outside the decorrelation distance can also be fused. Our simulation shows that taking the smallest RTT value over multiple positions can improve FTM ranging error from 1.8 m to 0.76 m.

Youming Tao successfully defended his PhD on October 13, 2025. His dissertation is titled "Trustworthy Collaborative Machine Learning for Edge AI: Privacy, Unlearning, and Robustness". He was awarded a Dr.-Ing. degree (with distinction) from TU Berlin.

The TKN team together with CCS alumni met at NetSys 2025. We had a very successful conference, presenting recent reseaerch results, receiving as many as four awards, and meeting lots of friends and collaborators.

The TKN team received multiple awards for best bachelor and master theses from the German GI/ITG SIG on Communication and Distributed Systems. In addition, team members gave highlight talks on hot topics in networking and communications at NetSys 2025. Rebecca C. Pampu received a best thesis award for her Bachelor thesis Identification of the Signal Source among Multiple Simultaneous Senders in an Air-based Molecular Communication Channel. Isabel von Stebut received a best thesis award for her Bachelor thesis Resilience through Cross-Technology-Communication. Lisa Y. Debus received a best thesis award for her Master thesis Decoding Media Modulation Sharply: A Reinforcement Learning-based Receiver. Youming Tao presented a highlights talk of our recent paper Communication Efficient and Provable Federated Unlearning. Anatolij Zubow presented a highlights talk of our recent paper Hybrid-Fidelity: Utilizing IEEE 802.11 MIMO for Practical Aggregation of LiFi and WiFi.

Our team member Sascha Rösler received a Best Paper Award for our paper Robust LoRa via Repetition in Frequency through Signal Emulation using WiFi at teh 1st Workshop on Resilient Networks and Systems (ReNeSys 2025).

Dr. Doganalp Ergenc organized the 1st Workshop on Resilient Networks and Systems (ReNeSys), held in conjunction with NetSys 2025 in Ilmenau. The workshop featured several engaging presentations from the authors of accepted papers, complemented by two keynote talks that offered inspiring insights into the security and resilience of next-generation networks. You can visit the workshop website for more details!

Our group member Jorge Torres Gomez and Pit Hofman from TU Dresden, gave a tutorial lecture on neural networks (NN) and the Internet of Bio-Nano-Things (IoBNT). The tutorial took place at the International Conference on Networked Systems (NetSys) in TU Ilmenau, Sept. 1-4, Germany. The tutorial highlighted the essentials of NN-driven communication and computing approaches, with a primary focus on the bio-inspired MC paradigm. We dedicated sessions to integrating NN into practical testbeds and generating real-world datasets.

Our article Exhaled Breath Analysis Through the Lens of Molecular Communication: A Survey" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. Molecular Communication (MC) has long been envisioned to enable an Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) with medical applications, where nanomachines within the human body conduct monitoring, diagnosis, and therapy at micro- and nanoscale levels. MC involves information transfer via molecules and is supported by well-established theoretical models. However, practically achieving reliable, energy-efficient, and bio-compatible communication at these scales still remains a challenge. Air-Based Molecular Communication (ABMC) is a type of MC that operates over larger, meter-scale distances and extends even outside the human body. Therefore, devices and techniques to realize ABMC are readily accessible, and associated use cases can be very promising in the near future. Exhaled breath analysis has previously been proposed. It provides a non-invasive approach for health monitoring, leveraging existing commercial sensor technologies and reducing deployment barriers. The breath contains a diverse range of molecules and particles that serve as biomarkers linked to various physiological and pathological conditions. The plethora of proven methods, models, and optimization approaches in MC enable macroscale breath analysis, treating humans as the transmitter, the breath as the information carrier, and macroscale sensors as the receiver. Using ABMC to interface with the inherent dynamic networks of cells, tissues, and organs could create a novel Internet of Bio Things (IoBT), a preliminary macroscale stage of the IoBNT. This survey extensively reviews exhaled breath modeling and analysis through the lens of MC, offering insights into theoretical frameworks and practical implementations from ABMC, bringing the IoBT a step closer to real-world use.

DFG just notified the PIs of the projects funded in the 2nd phase of the SPP 2378 Resilient Worlds (see https://www.resilient-worlds.org/projects/phase2/). The priority program is coordinated by Falko Dressler. Congratulations to everybody.

Our proposal Resilient Hybrid Time-sensitive Networks (RESERVE) has been accepted for funding by the German research foundation DFG. In this project, we will integrate wired and wireless networking to enhance the resilience to changes, faults, and attacks while maintaining strict time-sensitive communication guarantees.

Our article Machine Learning-Driven Localization of Infection Sources in the Human Cardiovascular System has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications. In vivo localization of infection sources is essential for effective diagnosis and targeted disease treatment. In this work, we leverage machine learning models to associate the temporal dynamics of biomarkers detected at static gateway positions with different infection source locations. In particular, we introduce a simulation that models infection sources, the release of biomarkers, and their decay as they flow through the bloodstream. From this, we extract time-series biomarker data with varying decay rates to capture temporal patterns from different infection sources at specific gateway positions. We then train a stacked ensemble model using LightGBM and BernoulliNB to analyze biomarker time-series data for classification. Our results reveal that higher biomarker degradation rates significantly reduce the localization accuracy by limiting the biomarker signal detected at the gateways. A fivefold increase in decay rate lowers the mean cross-validation accuracy from ∼92% to ∼66%.

Our article Blood Makes a Difference: Experimental Evaluation of Molecular Communication in Different Fluids has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications. The experimental appraisal of existing molecular communication (MC) testbeds and modeling frameworks in real blood is an important step for future internet of bio-nano-things applications. In this paper, we experimentally compare the MC flow characteristics of water, blood substitute, and real porcine blood for a previously presented superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) MC testbed. We perform an extensive analysis of the system impulse response behavior of the testbed for the different fluids. Based on the identified MC flow characteristics, we extend an existing mathematical framework for our SPION testbed to capture the flow properties of blood. We evaluate its applicability to the collected data in comparison to two existing theoretical SIR models for MC in blood. In our work, we see that the added complexity of the transmission in blood opens up promising new possibilities to improve communication through the human circulatory system.

Our article Zero-Trust Foundation Models: A New Paradigm for Secure and Collaborative Artificial Intelligence for Internet of Things has been accepted for publication in IEEE Internet of Things Journal. This paper focuses on Zero-Trust Foundation Models (ZTFMs), a novel paradigm that embeds zero-trust security principles into the lifecycle of foundation models (FMs) for Internet of Things (IoT) systems. By integrating core tenets, such as continuous verification, least privilege access (LPA), data confidentiality, and behavioral analytics into the design, training, and deployment of FMs, ZTFMs can enable secure, privacy-preserving AI across distributed, heterogeneous, and potentially adversarial IoT environments. We present the first structured synthesis of ZTFMs, identifying their potential to transform conventional trust-based IoT architectures into resilient, self-defending ecosystems. Moreover, we propose a comprehensive technical framework, incorporating federated learning (FL), blockchain-based identity management, micro-segmentation, and trusted execution environments (TEEs) to support decentralized, verifiable intelligence at the network edge. In addition, we investigate emerging security threats unique to ZTFM-enabled systems and evaluate countermeasures, such as anomaly detection, adversarial training, and secure aggregation. Through this analysis, we highlight key open research challenges in terms of scalability, secure orchestration, interpretable threat attribution, and dynamic trust calibration. This survey lays a foundational roadmap for secure, intelligent, and trustworthy IoT infrastructures powered by FMs.

Jakob Johannes Rühlow and Joana Angjo presented our paper Random Access in IRS-assisted 802.11 Networks at the The 34th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN 2025), Tokyo, Japan. This work investigates the performance of IRS-assisted networks working based on CSMA/CA random access. Upon showing that these scenarios are prone to hidden terminals, we propse two solutions towards them, which are also based on usage of IRS. To evaluate them, a new ns-3 framework is developed, ns3IRS, which enables modelling the full-stack IRS-assisted Wi-Fi networks. The two mitigation strategies are splitting a centralized IRS or deploying small IRSs near the stations. Results show these methods enhance the networks performance in terms of several key performance indicators, showing that a strategic deployment of IRS can also help in mitigating the hidden terminals it creates in the first place.

Our team member Jorge Torres Gómez gave a lecture on the joint topic of AI and the Internet of Bio-Nano-Things (IoBNT). The lecture took place at the University of Linz with researchers from the Institute of Communications Engineering and RF-Systems. The lecture overviewed the recent trends on neural networks for the IoBNT with a focus on the synthesis of neural networks in the molecular domain.

Our article Deep Reinforcement Learning based Interference Optimization for Coordinated Beamforming in Ultra-Dense Wi-Fi Networks has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Communications. Next-generation Wi-Fi networks are expected to have an ultra-dense deployment of access points (APs), thus, interference from overlapping basic service sets (OBSSs) poses challenges for interference management. Wi-Fi 8 aims at mitigating such interference using multi-access point coordination (MAPC). One of the MAPC variants is coordinated beamforming (Co-BF), where neighboring APs direct their signals towards specific users. Besides beam steering, APs can also perform null steering, which is more complex but can bring greater performance gains. In this paper, we present a centralized approach named intelligent null steering by reinforcement learning (IntelliNull), designed to reduce interference from neighboring transmitters by coordinated nulling while maximizing the signal quality at each station. We show that training the beam and null steering mechanism with a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), it is possible to steer beams toward associated stations while intelligently nulling the most destructive interference from OBSS rather than nulling random interference directions. This method enhances communication between the AP and neighboring stations by reducing channel access contention, enabling transmissions at full power, and reducing worst-case latency. The proposed IntelliNull agent continuously adapts to changes in the network environment, including node mobility using channel state information (CSI) collected in real-time.

The TKN team joined the Berlin 6G Conference to discuss research results and new ideas related to 6G and beyond. The picture shows our team in front our booth as part of the 6G-RIC project.

Our proposal Synchronizing in the nanoscale: A research project to enable communication networks in molecular communication channels (SmartSynch) has been accepted for funding by the German research foundation DFG. In this project, we will develop robust synchronization mechanisms for nanodevices in the dynamic blood flow environment. Our objectives include devising a realistic model for the transmission-reception scheme in human vessels, optimizing reported synchronization mechanisms in the literature for this particular environment, and designing a methodology to evaluate the preamble sequence and the data packet length.

Our article Reconsidering Sparse Sensing Techniques for Channel Sounding using Splicing has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. Multi-band splicing offers a promising solution to extend existing band-limited communication systems to support high-precision sensing applications. This technique involves performing narrow-band measurements at multiple center frequencies, which are then combined to effectively increase the bandwidth without changing the sampling rate. In this paper, we introduce a mmWave channel sounder based on multi-band splicing, leveraging the sparse nature of wireless channels through compressed sensing and sparse recovery techniques for channel reconstruction. We focus on three sparse recovery methods: the widely used grid-based orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm as a baseline, our newly developed two-stage mmSplicer algorithm, which extends the OMP method by introducing an additional stage for improving its performance for our application, and our adaptation of sparse reconstruction by separable approximation (SpaRSA), named Net-SpaRSA, optimized for wireless applications.

Our article Rejuvenating IRS: AoI-based Low Overhead Reconfiguration Design has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. Intelligent reflective surface (IRS) technologies help mitigate undesirable effects in wireless links by steering the communication signal between transmitters and receivers. An IRS improves the communication link but inevitably introduces more communication overhead. This occurs especially in mobile scenarios, where the user's position must be frequently estimated to re-adjust the IRS elements periodically. Such an operation requires balancing the amount of training versus the data time slots to optimize the communication performance in the link. Aiming to study this balance with the age of information (AoI) framework, we address the question of how often an IRS needs to be updated with the lowest possible overhead and the maximum of freshness of information. We derive the corresponding analytical solution for a mobile scenario, where the transmitter is static and the mobile user (MU) follows a random waypoint mobility model. We provide a closed-form expression for the average peak age of information (PAoI), as a metric to evaluate the impact of the IRS update frequency.

Our article Incentive-based Platoon Formation: Optimizing the Personal Benefit for Drivers has been accepted for publication in IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems. In this paper, we propose a novel platoon formation algorithm that optimizes the personal benefit for drivers of individual passenger cars. For computing vehicle-to-platoon assignments, the algorithm utilizes a new metric that we propose to evaluate the personal benefits of various driving systems, including platooning. By combining fuel and travel time costs into a single monetary value, drivers can estimate overall trip costs according to a personal monetary value for time spent. This provides an intuitive way for drivers to understand and compare the benefits of driving systems like human driving, adaptive cruise control (ACC), and, of course, platooning. Unlike previous similarity-based methods, our proposed algorithm forms platoons only when beneficial for the driver, rather than solely for platooning.

Osman Tugay Başaran presented our paper Next-Gen AI-on-RAN: AI-native, Interoperable, and GPU-Accelerated Testbed Towards 6G Open-RAN at the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2025), Montréal, Canada. Our recent work addresses a critical challenge in the journey from 5G to AI-native 6G: how to meet stringent latency and performance demands in O-RAN networks while simultaneously executing AI/ML workloads. We leverage the power of NVIDIA Aerial RAN CoLab (ARC) and the Aerial SDK to offload complex L1 and L2 signal processing onto GPUs. This not only slashes computational overhead but also opens the door to near real-time inferencing—essential for latency-sensitive 6G applications. A novel aspect of our approach is co-locating training and inference on the same NVIDIA GPU-accelerated platform.

Our article Robust Matroid Bandit Optimization: Near-Optimal Rates under Adversarial Contamination has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Theoretical Computer Science. We study the matroid bandit optimization problem, a fundamental and broadly applicable framework for combinatorial multi-armed bandits where the action space is constrained by a matroid. In particular, we address the challenge of designing algorithms that remain effective under adversarial contamination of feedback rewards, which may severely degrade performance or even mislead existing methods. Our main contribution is an efficient and robust algorithm named ROMM, which builds upon the principle of optimistic matroid maximization and leverages robust statistical estimators to assess base arm quality in polynomial time.

Christos Laskos presented our paper Latency Analysis of SDR-based Experimental C-RAN / O-RAN Systems at the IEEE ICC Workshop on Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (TIHL 2025), Montréal, Canada. In this paper, we present results from an extensive experimental evaluation of latency in commonly used SDR platforms, including USRP B210, N210, N310, and X410. For this, we implemented a novel round trip time (RTT) measurement method at the SDR driver level for precise RTT analysis. Our findings highlight the impact of SDR hardware, the connection to the host computer, sampling rates, and protocol optimizations. While all tested SDRs meet the latency requirements for 4G/5G-based C-RAN implementations (less than 500 µs), some approach the 25 µs one-way O-RAN delay, and none currently satisfy the more stringent 9 µs requirements of WiFi. We identify key optimizations, such as reducing the maximum transmission unit used in the fronthaul link layer and leveraging data plane development kit (DPDK) for low-latency networking, that significantly improves the SDR performance. Our results show that, in an optimal setup using X410 USRP, 100Gbe Ethernet fronthaul, DPDK, and optimal maximum transmission unit (MTU) size, the worst-case RTT stays below 65 µs.

Marie-Christin H. Oczko presented our paper Explainable LSTM-Based Cyclist Intention Prediction at Intersections. In this paper, we propose a bidirectional, stacked LSTM intention prediction model utilizing real-world smartphone cycling traces. We show that even imprecise GPS data are sufficient to predict right turns, and straight-going traces with a certainty of 90 % 45 m, and left turns 28 m before the intersection center, resulting in recognizing even the intention of the fastest cyclist in the data set 4.19 s before reaching the center. Agon Memedi presented our poster Simulator for Reinforcement Learning-based Resource Management in Vehicular Edge Computing. In this poster, we present an open-source, modular, lightweight, discrete-event simulation framework which integrates state-of-the-art tools for improved performance evaluation. By integrating realistic mobility traces, our approach presents an opportunity to evaluate the performance and scalability of different RL-based task scheduling and resource allocation policies in diverse scenarios. Both works were presented at the 16th IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC 2025), which was held in Porto, Portugal.

Our team member Jorge Torres Gómez co-chaired a special session on Machine Learning and IoBNT networks. The session took place at the IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning for Communication and Networking (ICMLCN 2025), Barcelona, Spain. The session explored the most recent work on applying machine learning methods to advance potential applications in IoBNT networks further. Speakers targeted various applications, including monitoring biomarkers in human vessels, location estimation of cancer cells, and plant monitoring. The authors elaborated on the training and deployment of deep learning architectures like convolutional networks, feed-forward neural networks, and autoencoders. We expect also your work on the next edition of the ICMLCN conference.

Osman Tugay Basaran presented our paper paper XAI-Enhanced Bilateral Molecular Communication: Revealing Cancer Microenvironment Dynamics via Extracellular Tumor Vesicles at the IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning for Communication and Networking (ICMLCN 2025), which was held in Barcelona, Spain. In this study, we present a neural network model designed to accurately estimate intercellular distances within the tumor microenvironment by analyzing the dynamics of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Additionally, we integrate advanced explainable AI (XAI) methods to reveal critical biological insights and ensure the transparency of AI-driven predictions.

Our article Coordinated Spatial Reuse Scheduling With Machine Learning in IEEE 802.11 MAPC Networks has been accepted for publication in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. The densification of Wi-Fi deployments means that fully distributed random channel access is no longer sufficient for high and predictable performance. Therefore, the upcoming IEEE 802.11bn amendment introduces multi-access point coordination (MAPC) methods. This paper addresses a variant of MAPC called coordinated spatial reuse (C-SR), where devices transmit simultaneously on the same channel, with the power adjusted to minimize interference. The C-SR scheduling problem is selecting which devices transmit concurrently and with what settings. We provide a theoretical upper bound model, optimized for either throughput or fairness, which finds the best possible transmission schedule using mixed-integer linear programming. Then, a practical, probing-based approach is proposed which uses multi-armed bandits (MABs), a type of reinforcement learning, to solve the C-SR scheduling problem.

Sascha Rösler presented our poster Mute the Immutable - Making WiFi-to-LoRa CTC Robust Against WiFi Selective Jamming at the 44th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2025), which was held in London, UK.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled Cross-Technology Communication and Network Coding: A Great Team for Resilient Communication at IEEE INFOCOM International Workshop on Intelligent Cloud Computing and Networking (ICCN 2025), which was held in London, UK.

Osman Tugay Basaran presented our paper Gen-TWIN: Generative-AI-Enabled Digital Twin for Open Radio Access Networks at the IEEE INFOCOM Workshop Digital Twins over NextG Wireless Networks (DTWin 2025), which was held in London, UK. In this work, we introduce a novel approach that merges a soft-attention LSTM-based GAN with Digital Twin technology in O-RAN settings. By generating realistic, high-quality synthetic RF data, we address the ever-present issue of data scarcity in advanced RAN development.

Our team member Jorge Torres Gómez gave the research talk “nanoAI: Communicating Smartly at the Nanoscale” at Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey. The talk explored the growing integration of AI in Molecular Communication systems, highlighting key developments such as in-network deployment, explainability, and dataset creation.

The TKN group presented three research talks at the 9th Workshop on Molecular Communications 2025. Sunasheer Bhattacharjee presented the idea of detecting exhaled breath biomarkers and their potential to identify human health anomalies through the lens of molecular communication. Saswati Pal introduced a machine learning-based approach for localizing infection sources in the cardiovascular system, showing that realistic physiological modeling improves accuracy and generalization. Lisa Y. Debus illustrated the importance of the experimental assessment of theoretical solutions with our evaluation of the influence of water, blood substitute, and blood as the background flow medium in magnetic nanoparticle-based molecular communication.

The Telecommunication Networks Group (TKN) held its annual research retreat "CCS on Tour 2025" from April 1st to 4th. During the four-day event in Brodten (near Travemünde, Germany), we had interesting discussions on research topics like vehicular clouds, federated learning, raytracing, signal proagation models, simulation techniques. We also discussed best practices for research, best work-life optimization, meeting culture, and enjoyed social activities organized by the team.

Our proposal Connecting in-body nano communication with body area networks (NaBoCom III) has been accepted for funding by the German research foundation DFG. In this project, we will investigate the integration of in-body nano networks with body are networks.

Our article Resilience in Edge Computing: Challenges and Concepts has been accepted for publication in Foundations and Trends in Networking. Edge computing has evolved significantly from early research ideas to modern 5G mobile and multi-access edge computing (MEC). In many 6G-related projects, we see a clear trend toward virtualizing computing resources at the edge. Motivated by the cloud-edge-continuum that is the basis for next-generation metaverse applications, the need for low-latency solutions, distributed computing is now receiving even more attention. The last road blocker for the wide use of (virtualized) edge computing for mission-critical applications is resilience. In this context, resilience is the ability of modern communication and computation systems to deal with unknown and unforeseen events, both from internal and external sources. Thus, making MEC resilient to outages (e.g., system failures or energy outages due to natural disasters), security incidents (e.g., the use of intelligent jamming or malicious users), and overall challenging conditions (e.g., high mobility or impaired connectivity) is of the highest importance. In this article, we review the current state of the art of resilience in mobile edge computing. We explore MEC-specific challenges and resilience objectives, and discuss selected resilience measures. We trust that this article will be an invaluable resource for beginners and experts in the field as a compound resource on resilience in MEC.

Joana Angjo presented our paper, Achieving Resilience in mmWave Communications by Using Non-reconfigurable Reflecting Surfaces at the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2025) in Milan, Italy. In this work, we show how non-reconfigurable reflecting surfaces (NRRSs) can be used towards improving resilience in mmWave communication. We build a testbed operating at 28 GHz and perform experiments that confirm that NRRSs boost communication reliability by constructing an artificial multipath environment, and they enable mmWave communication entirely via reflections.

Our article Stable Age of Information Scheduling with NOMA in Edge Networks has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Networking. In this paper, we study a stable Age-of-Information (AoI) scheduling problem to handle the massive packet aggregation from arbitrary total of n end devices (sensor nodes) to an edge device via a single hop wireless channel when information constantly arrives at the end side. Specifically, we consider the arrivals of the information with an online injection mode, i.e., information is injected to end devices with an unknown injection rate in each time slot. After the information is injected, the AoI with respect to those end devices constantly increases until their fresh messages are received by the edge device, which characterizes the freshness of the information at destination. Based on the online injection mode, we propose the first distributed stable AoI scheduling algorithm combining NOMA (Non-Orthogonal Multiple-Access) technique in this paper, to minimize the expected average peak AoI (EAP-AoI) of our end-to-edge information system.

Our article How Mature is 5G Deployment? A Cross-Sectional, Year-Long Study of 5G Uplink Performance has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Communications. In this study, we aim to assess 5G deployment maturity via three conditions: (1) Does 5G performance remain stable over a long time span (1 year)? (2) Does 5G provide better performance than its predecessor Long-Term Evolution (LTE)? (3) Does the technology offer similar performance across diverse geographic areas and cellular operators? We answer this important question by conducting two year-long measurement campaigns of 5G uplink performance leveraging a custom Android app: one crowd-sourced, cross-sectional campaign spanning 8 major cities in 7 countries and two different continents (Europe and North America), and one controlled campaign focusing on mmWave deployment at a fixed location in the downtown area of Boston, MA. Our datasets show that 5G deployment in major cities appears to have matured, with no major performance improvements observed over a one-year period, but 5G does not provide consistent, superior measurable performance over LTE, especially in terms of latency, and further there exists clear uneven 5G performance across the 8 cities. Our study suggests that, while 5G deployment appears to have stagnated, it is short of delivering its promised performance and user experience gain over its predecessor.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled Cross-Technology Communication and Network Coding: A Great Team for Resilient Communication at IEEE WCNC International Workshop on Resilient 6G Networks (WResNet6G 2025), which was held in Milan, Italy.

We congratulate Isabel von Stebut for winning the Best Bachelor Thesis Award of the GI/ITG Communication and Distributed Systems (KuVS) special interest group! The prize will be awarded at NetSys 2025. Isabel's thesis has already lead to a publications at IEEE PIMRC 2024 (ResCTC: Resilience in Wireless Networks through Cross-Technology Communication).

We congratulate Lisa Y. Debus for winning the Best Master Thesis Award of the GI/ITG Communication and Distributed Systems (KuVS) special interest group! The prize will be awarded at NetSys 2025. Lisa's thesis has already lead to two publications at IEEE GLOBECOM 2023 (Reinforcement Learning-based Receiver for Molecular Communication with Mobility) and a follow-up journal paper published in IEEE Trans. on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communication (Synchronized Relaying in Molecular Communication: An AI-based Approach using a Mobile Testbed Setup).

Our group member Osman Tugay Basaran presented our poster XAInomaly: Explainable, Interpretable, and Trustworthy Next Generation Ultra-reliable Low-latency Communications (xURLLC) in 6G Networks at the 39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence at Pennsylvania Convention Center in Philadelphia, PA, USA. In this work, considering reliability and low-latency, real-time communications requirements of next generation wireless communication systems, to ensure that the AI/ML algorithms used in 6G and beyond networks are trustable and reliable, we proposed a XAInomaly framework that use our novel fastSHAP-C method which handle real-time XAI layer operations.

Christos Laskos presented our paper, Wi-Fi Ranging under Interference at the IEEE International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC 2025) in Honolulu, HI. In this paper, we demonstrate that time of arrival (ToA)-based ranging, utilizing the MUSIC super-resolution algorithm, is severely impacted by cross-technology and co-channel interference. This is due to the fact that the channel state information (CSI) obtained in the presence of interference includes not only the characteristics of the channel but also the interference itself. This corrupted CSI leads to persistent ToA errors.

Our article Task Migration with Deadlines using Machine Learning-based Dwell Time Prediction in Vehicular Micro Clouds has been accepted for publication in Elsevier High-Confidence Computing. Edge computing is becoming ever more relevant to offload compute-heavy tasks in vehicular networks. In this context, the concept of vehicular micro clouds (VMCs) has been proposed to use compute and storage resources on nearby vehicles to complete computational tasks. As many tasks in this application domain are time critical, offloading to the cloud is prohibitive. Additionally, task deadlines have to be dealt with. This paper addresses two main challenges. First, we present a task migration algorithm supporting deadlines in vehicular edge computing. The algorithm is following the earliest deadline first model but in presence of dynamic processing resources, i.e., vehicles joining and leaving a VMC. This task offloading is very sensitive to the mobility of vehicles in a VMC, i.e., the so-called dwell time a vehicles spends in the VMC. Thus, secondly, we propose a machine learning-based solution for dwell time prediction. Our dwell time prediction model uses a random forest approach to estimate how long a vehicle will stay in a VMC. Our proposed approach is able to realize low-delay and low-failure task migration in dynamic vehicular conditions, advancing the state of the art in vehicular edge computing.

Our article Jamming-Resilient Physical-to-Virtual Communications in Digital Twin Edge Networks has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Networking. As an integration of digital twin and edge computing, the digital twin edge networks (DITENs) have been proposed in recent years to fill the gap between physical edge networks and digital systems. Meanwhile, the multi-access wireless environments in edge computing make it hard to provide ultra-reliable and low-latency communications for digital twin, especially when the jamming attacks can be launched by the adversaries. This paper studies the jamming-resilient physical-to-virtual communication (PTVC) problem in DITENs despite strong cooperative jamming. Note that the previous jamming models mainly focus on the jamming behaviors from an individual adversary and are restricted by the energy budget limitation and uniform jamming assumption. In this paper, we consider a more comprehensive jamming model, in which f adversaries can cooperatively launch their jamming attacks in totally kwireless channels with unlimited power budget and non-uniform jamming signals. Both of the theoretical results and empirical simulations are conducted to show the resilience of our algorithms despite such a strong cooperative jamming model.

Our article XAInomaly: Explainable and Interpretable Deep Contractive Autoencoder for O-RAN has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Networks. Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have become integral part in advancing next generation wireless communication systems by enabling sophisticated data modeling and feature extraction for enhanced network performance. In the realm of open radio access networks (O-RAN), characterized by their disaggregated architecture and heterogeneous components from multiple vendors, the deployment of generative models offers significant advantages for network management such as traffic analysis, traffic forecasting and anomaly detection. In this study, we introduce the XAInomaly framework, an explainable and interpretable Semi-supervised (SS) Deep Contractive Autoencoder (DeepCAE) design for anomaly detection in O-RAN. Our approach leverages the generative modeling capabilities of our SS-DeepCAE model to learn compressed, robust representations of normal network behavior, which captures essential features, enabling the identification of deviations indicative of anomalies. To address the black-box nature of deep learning models, we propose reactive Explainable AI (XAI) technique called fastshap-C, which is providing transparency into the model's decision-making process and highlighting the features contributing to anomaly detection.

Our article Fast Identification and Clustering of Multi-Path Components for Multi-band Industrial Wireless Channels has been accepted for publication in International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies. Multi-path components are both the challenge and the resources to exploit in high-frequency wireless communication, especially in environment with complex reflections. To this end, identifying and clustering multi-path components is the foundation in tackling the challenges and boosting the utilization with reliable and correct information. Past research focuses either on extracting the path information, or on clustering the extracted components. In this paper, we propose a complete work flow that performs identification as well as clustering of multi-path components. We extend our previous work in clustering algorithm to indoor propagation measurements of three different frequency bands, as well as multiple transmitter-receiver locations. The ease of application highlights the wide-applying potential of high-frequency communication.

We welcome Ahmed Hasan Ansari who joined our group in February 2025.

Dr. Doganalp Ergenc presented our paper, "An Open-Source Implementation of Wi-Fi 7 Multi-Link Operation in OMNeT++," at the 20th IEEE Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services Conference (WONS 2025) in Hintertux, Austria. In this paper, we introduce an open-source implementation of Wi-Fi 7 Multi-Link Operation (MLO), a key feature of the latest Wi-Fi standard. Developed within the widely used network simulator OMNeT++, our implementation demonstrates the throughput and reliability benefits of MLO in a small-scale simulation setup. The source code is available in our GitHub repository.

We congratulate Falko Dressler for being elevated to ACM Fellow with the citation "For contributions to foundations of self-organization in wireless communication protocols in IoT and vehicular applications". New York, NY, January 22, 2025 – ACM, the Association for Computing Machinery, has named 55 Fellows for transformative contributions to computing science and technology. All the 2024 inductees are longstanding ACM Members whose accomplishments were selected by their peers for making possible the computing technologies we use every day.

Our article Empowering Smart Factories with O-RAN has been accepted for publication in IEEE Communications Standards Magazine. It is envisioned that 6G mobile networks will enhance and majorly empower the Industry 4.0 paradigm, evolving towards smart factories with optimized and customized services. Especially the smart factory scenario with high-capacity data communication, which requires the usage of new portions of the electromagnetic spectrum (mmWave/sub-THz), is presenting us with new challenges, both in communications and networking. This article discusses the new challenges arising from high-capacity data communications in smart factories. It proposes extensions to the current Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) standards for 6G networks to enable further evolution of Industry 4.0 and beyond. We motivate the need for real-time functionalities in O-RAN and an extended interface to the user equipment (UE) to allow for its fine-grained control.

We welcome Simon Schmitz-Heinen who joined our group in January 2025.

Our article Toward Standardized Performance Evaluation of Flow-guided Nanoscale Localization has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications. Nanoscale devices with Terahertz (THz) communication capabilities are envisioned to be deployed within human bloodstreams. Associating the locations of biomarkers with events such as health conditions would provide an additional utility for precision diagnostics and treatment. This vision yielded a new class of in-body localization coined under the term "flow-guided nanoscale localization". We propose a workflow for standardized performance evaluation of such approaches. The workflow is implemented in the form of an open-source simulation framework that is able to jointly account for the mobility of the nanodevices, in-body THz communication with on-body anchors, and energy-related and other technological constraints (e.g., pulse-based modulation) at the nanodevice level.

Christos Laskos presented our paper Towards Virtual to Real-world Transfer Learning for Mobile mmWave Beam Tracking at the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2024), which was held in Cape Town, South Africa. In this paper, we show the feasibility of virtual to real-world transfer learning. Our solution significantly speeds up the learning process as the learning happens mostly in a simulated environment and requires only little additional learning in the real-world deployment. As proof-of-concept, we implemented and evaluated a low-complexity beam tracking based on deep Q-network (DQN) reinforcement learning. The results reveal a substantial speed-up by a factor of 3× using transfer learning.

Falko Dressler received the IEEE ComSoc IOT & AHSN TC 2024 Technical Recognition Award for developing the foundations of adaptive and self-organizing communication protocols in vehicular and sensor networks.

Jorge Torres Gómez, Sebastian Lotter, Maximilian Schäfer, and Falko Dressler gave a tutorial titled Internet of Bio-Nano-Things - Challenges and Networking Solutions at the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2024), which was held in Cape Town, South Africa. This tutorial provided a comprehensive overview of the internet of bio-nano-things (IoBNT) framework, including its key applications, components, communication technologies, and experimental developments.

We congratulate Lisa Y. Debus for winning the Rolf Niedermeier Prize for her Master's thesis titled "Decoding Media Modulation Sharply: A Reinforcement Learning-based Receiver". The prize is awarded each year to to the most outstanding theses at faculty 4 at TU Berlin. The thesis was advised by Jorge Torres Gómez and refereed by Falko Dressler and Robert Schober. Results from the thesis have been published in the IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications with the title "Synchronized Relaying in Molecular Communication: An AI-based Approach using a Mobile Testbed Setup".

We congratulate Thomas Kapp and Lorenz Pusch for receiving this year's Distinguished Student award at TKN! With the award, we recognize their valued work and contributions as Student Teaching Assistant and Student Research Assistant, respectively.

It's that time of the year again. Christmas is coming and we look back at what happened over the last twelve months. We published many interesting papers, received additional funding, and got to know amazing new team members. This time around, our group celebrated Christmas a bit earlier to make sure Falko Dressler could join in while he was home in Berlin from his sabbatical in Boston. We enjoyed a relaxed celebration and are grateful for our amazing team. Now, we wish all of our friends, collaborators, and followers a wonderful Christmas time, a good (and productive) end to the year 2024 and a Happy New Year!

Falko Dressler received the VDE ITG Ehrenurkunde 2024 for his support of the German computer networking and communications research community.

Our group member Falko Dressler presented our poster Coordinated Group Cycling for Commuting at the 30th ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2024), which was held in Washington, DC. In this paper, we outline how group cycling commutes may be coordinated using communication capabilities of contemporary smartphones. We showcase how group cycling can reduce waiting times and, thus, improve ride comfort and safety in a simulation-based case study.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled Resilient Edge Computing for 6G Edge-AI at ACM MobiArch 2024, which was held in Washington, DC.

We welcome Peter Scheepers who joined our group in November 2024.

Our article DNA-Based Nanonetwork for Abnormality Detection and Localization in the Human Body has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology. This study presents an innovative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based nanonetwork designed to detect and localize abnormalities within the human body. The concept for the architecture integrates nanosensors, nanocollectors, and a gateway device, facilitating the detection and communication of disease indicators through molecular and intra-body links. Modeling DNA tiles for signal amplification and fusion rules (AND, OR, MAJORITY), the system enhances detection accuracy while enabling real-time localization of health anomalies via machine learning models. Extensive simulations demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in the dynamic environment of human vessels, showing promising detection probabilities and minimal false alarms. This research contributes to precision medicine by offering a scalable and efficient method for early disease detection and localization, paving the way for timely interventions and improved healthcare outcomes.

Our article Biasing Federated Learning with A New Adversarial Graph Attention Network has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. Fairness in Federated Learning (FL) is imperative not only for the ethical utilization of technology but also for ensuring that models provide accurate, equitable, and beneficial outcomes across varied user demographics and equipment. This paper proposes a new adversarial architecture, referred to as Adversarial Graph Attention Network (AGAT), which deliberately instigates fairness attacks with an aim to bias the learning process across the FL. The proposed AGAT is developed to synthesize malicious, biasing model updates, where the minimum of Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the user's model update and the global model is maximized. Due to a limited set of labeled input-output biasing data samples, a surrogate model is created, which presents the behavior of a complex malicious model update. Moreover, a graph autoencoder (GAE) is designed within the AGAT architecture, which is trained together with sub-gradient descent to reconstruct manipulatively the correlations of the model updates, and maximize the reconstruction loss while keeping the malicious, biasing model updates undetectable. The proposed AGAT attack is implemented in PyTorch, showing experimentally that AGAT successfully increases the minimum value of KL divergence of benign model updates by 60.9% and bypasses the detection of existing defense models. The source code of the AGAT attack is released on GitHub.

Mobility matters in the nanoscale to implement the connection among nanosensors. Analyzing the terahertz band, Jorge Torres Gómez presented our paper titled Implications of Nanodevice Mobility on Terahertz Communication Links in the Human Vessels at the 11th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication (NanoCom 2024). We provide a model to evaluate the impact of mobility in the higher layers and implements a realistic model for the displacement, rotation, and power radiation of nanoantennas in the human vessels. The paper aims to guide the design of future protocols in nanonetworks.

Delving into simulators for the Internet of Bio-Nano-Things (IoBNT) frameworks, our student member Laurenz Elbner presented the paper BVS-Net: A Networking Tool for Studying THz-based Intra-body Communication Links at the 11th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication (NanoCom 2024). This research focuses on the communication of in-body nanobots with an out-of-body gateway to evaluate data transmission efficiency, identify potential obstacles, and optimize their design for practical applications. In particular, we introduce BVS-Net, an ns-3 module that models the terahertz communication channel between the nanobots and the external gateway.

Our group member Dr. Doganalp Ergenc gave an invited talk titled Towards Time-sensitive Wireless Networks: Challenges, Opportunities, and Research Directions at the Networking Protocols and Standards for Mobility (NPSM 2024) workshop, which is organized under the 32nd IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP 2024) in Charleroi, Belgium.

Our group member Osman Tugay Basaran presented our paper XAInomaly: Explainable, Interpretable, and Trustworthy AI for xURLLC in 6G Open-RAN at the 3rd International Conference on 6G Networking (6GNet 2024) at the Orange Gardens in Paris, France. Our paper introduces the "XAInomaly Framework", which incorporates our novel technique called fastSHAP-C. This method significantly enhances the explainability of AI models in 6G networks Next-generation URLLC (xURLLC) use case, providing a 25% improvement in resource utilization over existing approaches.

We organized the second research school on "Bulding Resilient Worlds - in Career and Research" in the context of the DFG priority program, Resilient Worlds! For two days, 16 early career researchers from several universities gave research talks, and attended workshops and hackathons to build resilience in both for their academic career and research. Besides organizing the event, our group member Dr. Doganalp Ergenc also gave a tutorial on the network simulator OMNeT++ and instructed a hackathon for using this tool to experiment on new Wi-Fi standard for network resilience.

Our group member Sascha Rösler presented our paper Passive Device-Free Indoor Movement Detection Using WiFi Time-Of-Flight Information yesterday at the 49th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN 2024), Caen, Normandy, France. In our paper we show that the easily accessible time of flight data of WiFi FTM can be used to detect movements within a room. Our approach is around 10 percentage points better than a state of the art RSSI approach. We propose an architecture where already installed WiFi APs can be used together with a central server running a one-class SVM

Our article AI/ML-based Services and Applications for 6G-Connected and Autonomous Vehicles has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Networks. AI and ML emerge as pivotal in overcoming the limitations of traditional network optimization techniques and conventional control loop designs, particularly in addressing the challenges of high mobility and dynamic vehicular communications inherent in the domain of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). The survey explores the contributions of novel AI/ML techniques in the field of CAVs, also in the context of innovative deployment of multilevel cloud systems and edge computing as strategic solutions to meet the requirements of high traffic density and mobility in CAV networks. These technologies are instrumental in curbing latency and alleviating network congestion by facilitating proximal computing resources to CAVs, thereby enhancing operational efficiency also when AI-based applications require computationally-heavy tasks. A significant focus of this survey is the anticipated impact of 6G technology, which promises to revolutionize the mobility industry. 6G is envisaged to foster intelligent, cooperative, and sustainable mobility environments, heralding a new era in vehicular communication and network management. This survey comprehensively reviews the latest advancements and potential applications of AI/ML for CAVs, including sensory perception enhancement, real-time traffic management, and personalised navigation.

Our article Survey on Coherent Multiband Splicing Techniques for Wideband Channel Characterization has been accepted for publication in IET Communications. Coherent multi-band splicing is an optimal solution for extending existing band-limited communication systems to support high-precision sensing applications. Conceptually, the communication system performs narrow-band measurements at different center frequencies, which are then concatenated to increase the effective bandwidth without altering the sampling rate. This can be done in parallel for multiple non-contiguous subbands or by hopping across the different bands. However, multi-band splicing poses significant challenges, particularly in compensating for phase offsets and hardware distortions before stitching the acquired samples, which can be distributed in contiguous or non-contiguous manners. In this survey paper, we study the state of the art in coherent multi-band splicing and identify open research questions. For beginners in the field, this review serves as a guide to the most relevant literature, enabling them to quickly catch up with the current achievements. For experts, we highlight open research questions that require further investigation.

Our joint proposal with R3 Solutions, OWTSN: Open Wireless Time-Sesnsitive Networks for 5G-integrated Industrial Systems, has been accepted for funding by the EU-(co)funded TARGET-X program. In this project, we will enable time-sensitivite communication over wireless technologies, by combining IEEE 802.1 TSN protocols with Wi-Fi and 5G, to address the emerging requirements of industrial systems.

Our article LiFi for Industry 4.0: Main Features, Implementation and Initial Testing of IEEE Std 802.15.13 has been accepted for publication in IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology. As industrial communication is developed further to increase flexibility through wireless communication, networked optical wireless communications (OWC), also known as LiFi, emerges as a promising candidate technology due to its unlicensed spectrum and relatively deterministic propagation. This paper outlines the features of the new IEEE Std 802.15.13-2013 for OWC and presents details of our prototype implementation thereof as well as first experiments. Our prototype includes a central coordinator, realized purely in software, running on commodity server hardware. It connects to distributed ceiling-mounted optical wireless frontends via a packet-switched network (Ethernet) and is able of forming them into adaptive virtual cells on a per-user basis. This approach enables improved reliability through multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission and smooth mobility. We implemented the Pulsed Modulation PHY (PM-PHY) on a commercially available field programmable gate array (FPGA) evaluation board. Initial test results indicate that the PM-PHY covers typical distances of up to 6 m between the ceiling and the mobile device. The MAC can realize zero packet loss besides deterministic latency values below 4 ms.

Our group members Sunasheer Bhattacharjee, Saswati Pal, Lisa Debus, and the research student Laurenz Ebner presented three research topics at Si-Mposium 2024. The event is organized by Der Simulierte Mensch research group in TU Berlin. The topics were related to molecular communication techniques for decoding the human breath, the development of intra-body communication links in the nanoscale, and semantic communication strategies in the multi-scale for in-body applications.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled 6G Edge Computing: Improving Coverage and Resilience at IEEE ANDESCON 2024, which was held in Cusco, Peru.

Joana Angjo presented our paper titled "Improving Multi-Operator Coexistence in Distributed-IRS Assisted Networks" and Rathinamala Vijay presented our paper titled "Resilient New Space Communication using Cognitive Radio for LEO Satellites" at European Wireless (EW 2024), which took place in Brno, Czechia.

Jorge Torres Gómez presented our paper titled Assessing the Interplay between Localization Accuracy and Interference in IRS-assisted Links at IEEE ANDESCON 2024, which took place in Cusco, Peru.

Our article Byzantine Fault Tolerant Consensus in Open Wireless Networks via an Abstract MAC Layer has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Communications. The openness of wireless networks opens the door to Byzantine attacks on the physical channels, making the communications unreliable and resulting in more challenges in achieving consensus among mobile devices. To address this issue, this paper studies the Byzantine-fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus problem based on an unreliable Byzantine communication model. Different from the previous works requiring stable communications between the honest nodes, considering the unreliable communication makes our problem more realistic but also harder. Based on the unreliable communication model, we first implement a BFT abstract MAC (absMAC) layer with a distributed and randomized multi-channel communication algorithm.

Sascha Rösler presented our paper titled "ResCTC: Resilience in Wireless Networks through Cross-Technology Communication" at the IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2024), which took place in Valencia, Spain.

Falko Dressler spends a sabbatical at the Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things (WIoT) at Northeastern University in Boston, MA during the fall semester 2024. His focus is on intensifying the ongoing and starting new research collaborations.

Our article Distributed Age-of-Information Scheduling with NOMA via Deep Reinforcement Learning has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. Many emerging applications in edge computing require processing of huge volumes of data generated by end devices, using the freshest available information. In this paper, we address the distributed optimization of multi-user long-term average Age-of-Information (AoI) objectives in edge networks that use NOMA transmission. This poses a challenge of non-convex online optimization, which in existing work often requires either decision making in a combinatorial space or a global view of entire network states. To overcome this challenge, we propose a reinforcement learning-based framework that adopts a novel hierarchical decomposition of decision making. Specifically, we propose three different types of distributed agents to learn with respect to efficiency of AoI scheduling, fairness of AoI scheduling, as well as a high-level policy balancing these potentially conflicting design objectives.

Our article Efficient UAV Hovering, Resource Allocation, and Trajectory Design for ISAC with Limited Backhaul Capacity has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. In this paper, we investigate the joint resource allocation and trajectory design for a multi-user, multi-target unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, where the link capacity between a ground base station (BS) and the UAV is limited. We jointly optimize the UAV trajectory, UAV velocity, beamforming for the communication users, power allocated to the sensing beam, and time of hovering for sensing to minimize the power consumption of the UAV while ensuring the communication quality of service (QoS) and successful sensing.

Our article Energy-Aware Cooperative Spectrum Sensing under Ignorance on Internet of Mobile Things has been accepted for publication in IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. The Internet of Things (IoT) enables the interconnection of multiple devices, typically sharing network resources. To extend the network lifetime, cooperative strategies have been proposed that modify the device operations between the ON/OFF states to conserve energy. However, the challenge is selecting active devices for spectrum sensing increases with mobile agents, referred to as Internet of Mobile Things (IoMT), since their positions may be unknown. To deal with this uncertainty, we propose using the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator, which provides a framework for decision-making under ignorance, to model the position uncertainty resulting from node movement.

Jorge Torres Gómez gave a tutorial titled "Age of Information (AoI): A Tool for Designing Time-Critical Networks" at theIEEE International Mediterranean Conference on Communications and Networking (MeditCom 2024), which was held in Madrid, Spain. The tutorial was prepared in collaboration with Nikolaos Pappas from Linköping University in Sweeden. The session introduced the role of Age of Information in designing real-time networks. The concept was revisited and various uses cases and hands-on activities were presented to optimize the network operation.

Our article Where to Decide? Centralized vs. Distributed Vehicle Assignment for Platoon Formation has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transactions Systems. In this work, we explored the computation of vehicle-to-platoon assignments as an optimization problem based on similarity between vehicles. For this, we created three approaches to solve the assignment problem: centralized solver, centralized greedy, and distributed greedy, using a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) solver and greedy heuristics, respectively.

The Telecommunication Networks Group (TKN) team has been showcasing our developments towards 6G at the Berlin 6G Conference. Our focus this time is on pyhisical layer, RIS, and ICAS. We are also co-organizer as part of 6G-Plattform.

Our article Using Ranging for Collision-Immune IEEE 802.11 Rate Selection with Statistical Learning has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Communications. We propose FTMRate, which applies statistical learning (a form of machine learning) to estimate the distance based on measurements, predicts channel quality from the distance, and selects data rates based on channel quality. We show that our approach has several positive features: it is resilient to collisions, provides near-instantaneous convergence, is compatible with commercial-off-the-shelf devices, and supports pedestrian mobility.

Our article Age of Information-based Abnormality Detection with Decay in the Human Circulatory System has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications. In this work, we conducted an analysis of the impact of gateway placement and infection locations on detection time, detection ratio, and the average Peak Age of Information (PAoI). Furthermore, we also added decay of nanosensors similar to operation in the human body.

Our article QL-based Adaptive Transceivers for the IoBNT Communications has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications. This paper introduces an adaptive transceiver scheme for bio-nano things (NTs) situated within blood vessels communicating through a time-varying molecular channel. The proposed scheme employs a Q-learning-based adaptive transceiver (a so-called QL-ADT), wherein an agent gradually learns how to adapt the transmission parameters to the current state of the channel.

Our article Synchronized Relaying in Molecular Communication: An AI-based Approach using a Mobile Testbed Setup has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications. In this paper, we propose using a reinforcement learning (RL)- based synchronizer to continually adapt a decoding threshold and detect transmitted synchronization frames in a dynamic molecular communication environment.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled Virtualized Edge Computing as a Basis for Edge AI at the 1st IEEE International Conference on Meta Computing (ICMC 2024), which was held in Qingdao, China.

Our article Flexible Training and Uploading Strategy for Asynchronous Federated Learning in Dynamic Environments has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. In this paper, we propose a flexible communication strategy for devices in asynchronous federated learning, which adapts the training and uploading actions based on the condition of the communication link. We propose a novel method of computing aggregation weight based on model distances and number of local optimizations, to control errors introduced in asynchronous aggregation while maximizing learning speed.

Falko Dressler gace a talk on Molecular Communication for Life Sciences and Jorge Torres Gomez gave a talk on Terahertz communications for intra-body links at the KuVS Summer School 2024 on Internet of Bio-Nano-Things. The TKN team was represented by multiple participants including Sunasheer Bhattacharjee, Lisa Y. Debus, and Saswati Pal.

Jorge Torres presented our paper Mobility Matters at Nanoscale: Rendering the Received Terahertz Signal Power in Human Blood Vessels 7th IEEE International Balkan Conference Communications and Networking (BalkanCom 2024). He introduced the modeling of the radiation pattern of nanoantennas and the mobility in the human vessels. The paper studies the impact of mobility on the communication link and the need to design more robust transmission schemes. Our work is based on a collaboration with partners at the Technology Innovation Institute, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, and Uppsala University.

Our article Private Over-the-Air Federated Learning at Band-Limited Edge has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. In this paper, we investigate over-the-air federated learning (OTA-FL) that exploits over-the-air computing (AirComp) to integrate communication and computation seamlessly for FL in a privacy preserving manner.

Laura Finarelli presented our paper titled "Mobile Networks on the Move: Optimizing Moving Base Stations Dynamics in Urban Scenarios", Falko Dressler presented our paper titled "A Multi-Lane Platooning Paradigm with ETSI DCC", and Julian Heinovski presented our poster titled "Platooning Revisited: What is the Personal Benefit Compared to ACC and Human Driving?" at the 15th IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC 2024), which took place in Kobe, Japan.
Our paper "Platooning Revisited: What is the Personal Benefit Compared to ACC and Human Driving?" received the 2024 IEEE VNC Best Poster Award.

Sascha Rösler presented our demo titled "SensingWall: Ultra-low Cost WiFi Wireless Sensing" and Sigrid Dimce presented our poster titled "mmSplicer: Toward Experimental Multiband Channel Splicing at mmWave Frequencies" at the 43rd IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2024), which took place in Vancouver, Canada.
Our paper "mmSplicer: Toward Experimental Multiband Channel Splicing at mmWave Frequencies" received the 2024 IEEE INFOCOM Best Poster Award.

We welcome Daniel Czech who joined our group in May 2024.

Jorge Torres Gomez gave a tutorial titled "Machine Learning in the IOBNT: Exploting the Potentail of Nano-Scale Communication and Computing" at the IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning for Communication and Networking (ICMLCN 2024), which was held in Stockholm, Sweden. The tutorial was prepared in collaboration with Roya Khanzadeh and Stefan Angerbauer from the Johannes Kepler Universitaet Linz. The session introduced the role of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in the Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT), which is an emerging communication framework in the nanoscale.

We welcome Lisa Y. Debus who joined our group in May 2024.

Part of the TKN team joined the 22. IKK BB Berliner Firmenlauf, the running event of all main Berlin companies. Even though we did not win, we had a lot of fun and proudly represented TU Berlin and the TKN team at the event.

Our article Leverage Variational Graph Representation For Model Poisoning on Federated Learning has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.

Agon Memedi presented our paper titled "PLiFi: Analog Amplify and Forward Relaying in Cascaded PLC-LiFi Networks" at the 25th IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2024), which took place in Dubai, UAE.
This year marked the 25th anniversary of IEEE WCNC, featuring a rich technical program, including interesting keynotes from Theodore Rappaport (pictured above) and others.

The TKN group presented two research talks at 8th Workshop on Molecular Communications 2024. Saswati Pal analyzed how decay rates affect nanosensor performance, revealing that higher decay rates reduce variance in detection ratios. In a second talk, Lisa Y. Debus presented a reinforcement learning-based synchronizer to continually adapt a decoding threshold and detect transmitted synchronization frames in a dynamic molecular communication environment.

The Telecommunication Networks Group (TKN) held its annual research retreat "CCS on Tour 2024" from April 3rd to 6th. During the four-day event in Blossin, we had interesting discussions on research topics like Vehicular Clouds, machine learning, GPT, and wireless communications in 5G and 6G. We also discussed best practices for research and enjoyed social activities organized by the team.
We also thank Symonics GmbH for sponsoring our social activities.

We welcome Christos Laskos who joined our group in April 2024.

We welcome Sunasheer Bhattacharjee who joined our group in April 2024.

Our article Electric Circuit Representation of the Human Circulatory System to Estimate the Position of Nanosensors in Vessels has been accepted for publication in the Elsevier Nano Communication Networks.

The TKN group presented multiple research topics at VDE Biosignals. Lisa Y. Debus presented her research topic on Molecular Communication receivers with Machine Learning modules, Saswati Pal introduced her research topic with information freshness in the human body, and Jorge Torres-Gomez the electric circuit model for the human vessels.

We congratulate Rebecca Corinna Pampu for winning the Best Bachelor Thesis Award of the GI/ITG Communication and Distributed Systems (KuVS) special interest group! The prize will be awarded at NetSys 2025. Rebecca's thesis has already lead to a publication at NANOCOM 2023 with the title "Decoding Multiple Interfering Signals in a Macroscopic Air-based Molecular Communication System".

Our article Low-Complex Synchronization Method for Intra-Body Links in the Terahertz Band has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. This research contributes to precision medicine applications supported by nanotechnologies, where the design of a communication interface between in-body nanosensors and external gateways is crucial.

Jonas Kuss presented our paper titled Distributed UWB-based Ranging for Particle Tracking in Avalanches at 19th IEEE/IFIP Conference on Wireless On demand Network Systems and Services (WONS 2024) in Chamonix, France.

Falko Dressler has been appointed Associate Editor-in-Chief for IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering. IEEE TNSE is the top journal in theory and applications of network science and the interconnections among the elements in a system that form a network.

We welcome Tehmina Bibi who joined our group in December 2023.

Our proposal Internet of Bio-Nano-Things (IoBNT) has been accepted for funding by the German federal ministry for education and research (BMBF). In this project, we will explore the use of molecular communication for the internet of bio-nano-things. TU Berlin is coordinating the project with partners at FAU Erlangen, TU Munich, TU Dresden, TU Darmstadt, DFKI Kaiserslautern, and University of Lübeck.

We congratulate Jonas Kuss and Jonas Huenecke for receiving this year's Distinguished Student award at TKN! With the the award, we recognize their valued work and contributions as Student Research Assistant and Student Teaching Assistant, respectively.

We are looking back to a year full of hope in the middle of worldwide crisis. We published many papers, received additional funding, and were able to welcome new team members. We just celebrated in a quite relaxed atmosphere. Now, we wish all of our friends and followers Merry Christmas, a few days of quietness to relax, and a Happy New Year!

We welcome Youming Tao who joined our group in December 2023.

Our article Performance of Large Intelligent Surfaces in Multiuser Millimeter Wave MIMO-NOMA Systems has been accepted for publication in IEEE Access.

The TKN group presented multiple papers at IEEE GLOBECOM 2023. Lisa Y. Debus presented her paper Reinforcement Learning-based Receiver for Molecular Communication with Mobility and Joana Angjo presents her paper Coexistence Challenges in IRS-assisted Multi-Operator Networks.

Manoj Ravindra Rege successfully defended his PhD today. His dissertation is titled "Lowering Barriers to Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) Application Testing and Evaluation". He was awarded a Dr.-Ing. degree from TU Berlin.

We just held the first research school on "Collaboration & Communication for Future Resilient Networks" in the context of the DFG priority program, Resilient Worlds! For two days, 18 early career researchers from several universities teamed up to share their research goals and to explore common research directions. Then, they collaborated to propose new research projects for next-generation resilient networks. We also had three guest speakers to give us technical and non-technical workshops.

Our article Empowering the 6G Cellular Architecture with Open RAN has been accepted for publication in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled 6G Virtualized Edge Computing - From Cars to Edge and Back at the IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM 2023), which was held in Panamá City, Panama.

Falko Dressler gave a seminar talk titled Virtualized Edge Computing as a Basis for Edge AI at the KAIST Seminar on Mobile & Wireless in EE, which was held in Daejeong, South Korea.

Atefeh Rezaei presented our paper titled Resource Allocation for UAV-Assisted Industrial IoT User with Finite Blocklength at 98th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2023-Fall), which was held in Hong Kong, China.

Agon Memedi presented our paper titled One-Class Support Vector Machine for WiFi-based Device-free Indoor Presence Detection at 23rd European Wireless conference, which was held in Rome, Italy.

Jonas Kuß presented our paper titled A Measurement System for Distributed UWB-based Ranging and Localization in Snow Avalanches at 29th ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2023), which was held in Madrid, Spain.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled Reinforcement Learning Approaches in Virtalized Edge Computing at the 12th IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Performance Evaluation and Modeling in Wired and Wireless Networks (PEMWN 2023), which was held in Berlin, Germany.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled Resilience Through Cross-Technology Communication at the 24th IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC 2023), which was held in Shanghai, China.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled Turning Mobile Systems into 6G Network Infrastructure for Improved Resilience at the IEEE MASS Workshop on Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles and IoT (UAV-IoT 2023), which was held in Toronto, Canada.

Rebecca Corinna Pampu and Jorge Torres presented two of our papers at the 10th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication (NanoCom) 2023 conference in Coventry, UK. Rebecca presented the contribution titled "Decoding Multiple Interfering Signals in a Macroscopic Air-based Molecular Communication System" developing a new detection strategy in air-based channels. Jorge Torres presented the contribution "Fine-tune Circuit Representation of Human Vessels through Reinforcement Learning: A Novel Digital Twin Approach for Hemodynamics" advancing a model for the human circulatory system. The ACM NanoCom conference fosters the research and development of new paradigms for nanoscale devices in an engaging community environment.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled Resilient Worlds - Turning First Responders into Network Infrastructure" at the 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM 2023), which was held in Cosenza, Italy.

The TKN group presented various relevant research topics as posters at NetSys 2023. The researchers spanned topics from channel sounding and IRS settings to applications like real-time measurements in wifi networks, mobile station features supporting disaster zones, and the simulation of road users. The various presenters are in our group as PhD researchers, they are Joana Angjo, Sigrid Dimce, Fabian Missbrenner, Marie-Christin, and Sascha Rösler.

We presented two posters and a talk at the Symposium Si-Mposium 2023 with the life science community. Saswati Pal introduced our project NaBoCom with a description of lines of research and development of nanonetworks for precision medicine applications. Joana Angjo presented as a poster our recent contribution Age of Information-based Performance of Ultrasonic Communication Channels for Nanosensor-to-Gateway Communication giving details on the performance of monitors for abnormalities in the human body with nanosensors. Jorge Torres presented as a talk our recent contribution Fine-tune Circuit Representation of Human Vessels through Reinforcement Learning: A Novel Digital Twin Approach for Hemodynamics digging into the development of low complex simulator for the human circulatory system.

We are happy to annoucne that our team won the VDE ITG Preis 2023 (the best paper award of the German society of information technology). The paper is Wi-Fi Meets ML: A Survey on Improving IEEE 802.11 Performance with Machine Learning published in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials in 2022.

We welcome Doğanalp Ergenç who joined our group in August 2023.

Our article TCOA: Triple-Check Offloading Algorithm for Roadside Units and Vehicular Microclouds in 5G Networks and Beyond has been accepted for publication in IEEE Access.

Our article Towards the Simulation of WiFi Fine Time Measurements in NS3 Network Simulator has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Communications.

Our article Explainability of Neural Networks for Symbol Detection in Molecular Communication Channels has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications.

We welcome Saswati Pal who joined our group in July 2023.

Our article Focusing on Information Context for ITS using a Spatial Age of Information Model has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Communications.

We welcome Ziqi Zhou who joined our group in July 2023.

Our article Optimizing Terahertz Communication Between Nanosensors in the Human Cardiovascular System and External Gateways has been accepted for publication in IEEE Communications Letters.

The TKN team joined the Berlin 6G Conference to discuss research results and new ideas related to 6G and beyond. The pictures show part of the team in front of the booth of our 6G-RIC project and at the beyond-6G discussion panel.

We welcome Rathinamala Vijay who joined our group in June 2023.

We welcome Osman Tugay Başaran who joined our group in June 2023.

Sascha Rösler presented our paper titled "Opportunistic Routing in LoRa-based Wireless Mesh Networks" at the 24th IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM 2023), 1st IEEE Workshop on Wireless outdoor, Long-Range and Low-Power Networks (WoLoLo 2023), which was held in Boston, MA.

Dominik successfully defended his PhD on May 23, 2023. His dissertation is titled "Towards Holistic Real-time Simulation of Cooperative Vehicles". He was awarded a Dr.-Ing. degree from TU Berlin.

Taylan Şahin successfully defended his PhD on May 23, 2023. His dissertation is titled "Resource Allocation for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications under Intermittent Cellular Coverage". He was awarded a Dr.-Ing. degree from TU Berlin.

We welcome Ahmad Farhad Shams who joined our group in May 2023.

We welcome Jamshid Bacha who joined our group in May 2023.

Our article Centralized Model-Predictive Control with Human-Driver Interaction for Platooning has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions Vehicular Technology (TVT).

TKN research group from TU Berlin celebrated this weekend (from May 12 to 15) the four-days research retreat "CCS on Tour 2023". Group members and close friends presented their research topics and experiences leading to fruitful discussions. The meeting, celebrated each year, welcomes the discussion of challenging technical issues, best practices, and daily work experiences. We enjoyed a lot our trip to Zinnowitz, Usedom, where apart from very nice and productive discussions, we had some opportunities to do some nice activities together as well.
We had a lot of fun during a two-hour long Mini Golf course, followed by a nice trip to a Butterfly farm and museum, and also some beach-volley and Frisbee games afterwards. Many thanks to BISDN for sponsoring our social activities!

Jorge Torres Gomez gave an online talk about our paper titled Quo Vadis? - Comprehensive Viewpoint on German Educational Research in Engineering at the Proceedings of IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON 2023), Salmaiya, Kuwait.

Our article Age of Information-based Performance of Ultrasonic Communication Channels for Nanosensor-to-Gateway Communication has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications (T-MBMC).

Our article A Computational Approach for the Characterization of Airborne Pathogen Transmission in Turbulent Molecular Communication Channels has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications (T-MBMC).

Gurjashan S. Pannu gave a talk about our paper titled Data Sharing in Virtual Edge Computing using Coded Caching and Marie-Christin H. Oczko gave a talk about our paper titled On Time Constraints for Internet-Connected Multi-User Real-Time Traffic Simulation at the 14th IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC 2023) in Istanbul, Turkey.

Our article Achieving Realistic Cyclist Behavior in SUMO using the SimRa Dataset has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Communications.

Agon Memedi successfully defended his PhD on April 6, 2023. His dissertation is titled "Vehicular Visible Light Communications for Connected Autonomous Driving". He was awarded a Dr.-Ing. degree (with distinction) from TU Berlin.

Our article Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Enabled Link Scheduling for Next Generation Internet of Things has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Communications.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled "Learning for Resilient Virtualized Edge Computing" at the IEEE International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC 2023), which was held in Honolulu, HI.

Agon Memedi presented our paper titled "Towards Hybrid Electronic-Mechanical Beamforming for IEEE 802.11ad" at the 18th IEEE/IFIP Conference on Wireless On demand Network Systems and Services (WONS 2023), which was held in Madonna di Campiglio, Italy.

We welcome Marie-Christin H. Oczko who joined our group in February 2023.

We congratulate Sven Schoenberg who successfully defended his PhD on January 20, 2023. His dissertation is titled "Trip Planning for Electric Vehicles". He was awarded a Dr. rer. nat. degree from Paderborn University!

We congratulate Christos Laskos for receiving this year's Distinguished Student award at TKN! With the the award, we recognize his valued work and contributions as Student Research Assistant.

Our article "ViTaLS - A Novel Link-Layer Scheduling Framework for Tactile Internet over Wi-Fi" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Internet of Things Journal. In this work, we investigate the capability of Wi-Fi 6 and existing TI scheduling/multiplexing schemes in meeting this stringent latency constraint. Taking the concrete example of the state-of-the-art Video-Haptic multiplexer (VH-multiplexer), we highlight the pitfalls of relying on the existing Wi-Fi 6 systems for TI communication. To circumvent this, we propose Video-Tactile Latency Scheduler (ViTaLS) - a novel link layer framework for tuning the video-tactile frame transmissions to suit their heterogeneous QoS requirements.

Our article "When Internet of Things meets Metaverse: Convergence of Physical and Cyber Worlds" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Internet of Things Journal. This survey introduces six typical IoT applications in the Metaverse, including collaborative healthcare, education, smart city, entertainment, real estate, and socialization. In the IoT-inspired Metaverse, we also comprehensively survey four pillar technologies that enable augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), namely, responsible artificial intelligence (AI), high-speed data communications, cost-effective mobile edge computing (MEC), and digital twins. According to the physical-world demands, we outline the current industrial efforts and seven key requirements for building the IoT-inspired Metaverse: immersion, variety, economy, civility, interactivity, authenticity, and independence.

We are just running the Dagstuhl Seminar 22512 Inter-Vehicular Communication - From Edge Support to Vulnerable Road Users II in Wadern, Germany. The seminar is very well attended by experts from academia and industry from all places in the world. We are discussing all questions related to edge computing and the integration of vulnerable road users into cooperative vehicular networking systems.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled "Toward Virtualized Edge Computing" at the 18th IEEE International Conference on Mobility, Sensing and Networking (MSN 2022), which was held online.

We are looking back to a year full of hope in the middle of worldwide crisis. We published many papers, received additional funding, and were able to welcome new team members. We just celebrated in a quite relaxed atmosphere. Now, we wish all of our friends and followers Merry Christmas, a few days of quietness to relax, and a Happy New Year!

Jorge Torres Gómez presented our paper titled "Modeling Ultrasonic Channels with Mobility for Gateway to In-Body Nanocommunication" and Fatih Güleç presented our paper titled "Characterization of Airborne Pathogen Transmission in Turbulent Molecular Communication Channels" at the IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2022), which was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

We welcome Sascha Rösler who joined our group in December 2022.

We welcome Atefeh Rezaei who joined our group in November 2022.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled "6G Virtual Edge Computing for Enhanced Network Resilience" at the XI International Congress of Telematics and Telecommunications, which was held in Havana, Cuba.

Our proposal Integration of Radar-based Communication in Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks for Cooperatively Interacting Cars (RADCOM-HETNET II) has been accepted for funding by the German research foundation DFG. In this project, we will explore the use of heterogeneous communication protocols, most importanly RADAR based, for highly critical safety applications like platooning.

Our proposal Robust And seCure post quantum COmmunication fOr critical iNfrastructure (RACCOON) has been accepted for funding by German Areospace Center (DLR). In this project, we will explore satellite-based exchange of crypto material for critical infrastructure.

Our article "Improving IEEE 802.11ax UORA Performance: Comparison of Reinforcement Learning and Heuristic Approaches" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Access. In this paper, we address the performance of uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple random access (UORA) in IEEE 802.11ax networks. Optimization of UORA is a good case for applying ML because of its inherent complexity and dependence on situation and time-dependent parameters. In particular, we use deep reinforcement learning to tune UORA parameters.

Julian Heinovski presented our paper titled "A Spatial Model for Using the Age of Information in Cooperative Driving Applications" at 25th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems (MSWiM 2022).

Our article "A Location-aware RF-assisted MAC Protocol for Sectorized Vehicular Visible Light Communications" has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Communications. Vehicular Visible Light Communications (V-VLC) has emerged as a viable technology complementing RF-based communication in automotive scenarios. We extensively study interference in typical vehicular scenarios. Based on the findings from this study, we propose a novel approach for medium access. We follow a location-aware cross-layer approach that exploits the Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) feature of modern matrix lighting modules to avoid interference and thus collisions. Making use of heterogeneous communication concepts, in which vehicles share their positions via the Radio Frequency (RF) channel, V-VLC transmissions can be scheduled accordingly.

Our article "Nanosensor Location Estimation in the Human Circulatory System using Machine Learning" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology (TNANO). In this work we investigate the detection and localization capabilities of flowing nanosensors in the blood flow to report abnormalities in the human body. Specifically, we target the detection of quorum sensing molecules and provide a methodology to evaluate its performance.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote titled "Toward Hybridized Cyber Physical Systems (H-CPS)" at the 13th ACM Wireless of the Students, by the Students, and for the Students Workshop, which was held in Sydney, Australia.

Jorge Torres Gomez presented our paper titled "Nanosensor Location in the Human Circulatory System based on Electric Circuit Representation of Vessels".
Traveling through the human vessels, nanosensors are envisioned to locally detect and actuate on targets very efficiently. This paper explores the accurate modeling of the concentration level of the flowing nanosensors in vessels. We use a Markov chain formulation to predict the stationary distribution of them in the variety of vessel segments. The resulting study reveals the dynamics of the movement of nanosensors in the blood flow yielding further details on their concentration level along vessels.

Our article "Digital Communication Techniques in Macroscopic Air-Based Molecular Communication" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications.

We welcome Joana Angjo who joined our group in September 2022.

Our proposal Resilience through Cross-Technology Communication (ResCTC) has been accepted for funding by the German research foundation DFG. In this project, we will explore resilience in wireless communication networks using cross-technology communication.

We are happy to announce multiple paper presentations at European Wireless 2022: Engy A. Maher presented our paper titled "Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface and UAV-Assisted THz Mobile Communications", Anatolij Zubow presented our paper titled "GrGym: A Playground for Research on RL/AI Enhanced Wireless Networks", and Jorge Torres Gomez presented our paper titled "Digital Simulator of the Human Arteries" at European Wireless 2022 in Dresden, Germany.

DFG just notified the PIs of the projects funded in the scope of the SPP 2378 Resilient Worlds (see https://www.resilient-worlds.org/spp2378/projects/). The priority program is coordinated by Falko Dressler. Congratulations to everybody.

Our proposal BodyTalks: Connecting in-body nano communication with body area networks (NaBoCom II) has been accepted for funding by the German research foundation DFG. In this project, we will investigate the integration of in-body nano networks with body are networks.

Our article "Testbed-based Receiver Optimization for SISO Molecular Communication Channels" received the Student Best Paper Award in the 5th IEEE International Balkan Conference Communications and Networking (BalkanCom 2022) at Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Our article "Mobile Human Ad Hoc Networks: A Communication Engineering Viewpoint on Interhuman Airborne Pathogen Transmission" has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Nano Communication Networks.

Our article "Asynchronous Background Processing for Accelerated Simulation of Wireless Communication on Multi-Core Systems" has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Communications.

Our article "Vehicloak: A Blockchain-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Payment Scheme for Location-based Vehicular Services" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

Our article "Adaptive Blind MPSK Constellation Recovery and Equalization for Cognitive Radio Applications" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.
This paper investigates a new method to recover constellation points from emissions at cognitive radio nodes fastly. We devise a blind method with reduced convergence time using a low complex adaptive filter. The results clearly show that the proposed scheme significantly improves phase symbol estimation and ISI reduction accuracy.

TKN research group from TU Berlin celebrated this weekend (from 1 to 4 of July) the four-days research retreat "CCS on Tour 2022". Group members and close friends presented their research topics and experiences leading to fruitful discussions. The meeting, celebrated each year, welcomes the discussion of challenging technical issues, best practices, and daily work experiences.
We enjoyed very much our kayaking tour during our research retreat "CCS on Tour". Many thanks to R3 Solutions for the support!

We welcome Fabian Missbrenner who joined our group in July 2022. He will work on the DyMoNet project.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote on "Going Beyond RF: Nano Communication in 6G+ Networks" at the IEEE European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC 2022) & 6G Summit, which was held in Grenoble, France.

Our article "Wi-Fi Meets ML: A Survey on Improving IEEE 802.11 Performance with Machine Learning" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

Our article "Data-driven Flight Control of Internet-of-Drones for Sensor Data Aggregation using Multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine.

Gurjashan Pannu presented our paper titled "Vehicular Virtual Edge Computing using Heterogeneous V2V and V2C Communication" at 41st IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2022), which received the Best Poster Award.

Falko Dressler gave a Distinguished Seminar talk "From Co-Existence to Resilience through Cross-Technology Communication" in the seminar series organized by IMDEA Networks.

Falko Dressler has (again) been elected as part of the Tactile Internet Technical Committee. He will serve as Chair of this TC to the COMSOC community.

Our article "V-Edge: Virtual Edge Computing as an Enabler for Novel Microservices and Cooperative Computing" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Network.

We congratulate Claas Tebruegge who successfully defended his PhD on April 04, 2022. His dissertation is titled "Towards Feasible Vehicular Visible Light Communication". He was awarded a Dr. rer. nat. degree from Paderborn University!

Jorge Torres and Carmen Pelaez gave a webinar on Focusing on Soft Skills Development - Liberal Arts approaches for teaching in the field of ICT as part of the IEEE Education Week. The event took place online on April 6, 2022. They were addressing topics related to the two schools distinction, the skills gap, a methodology to teach technical topics supported by liberal arts, and examples of how to implement such ideas in practice.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote on "From Vehicular Networking to 5G and Mobile Edge Computing to 6G and Virtual Edge Computing" at the 9th International Conference On Electrical And Electronics Engineering (ICEEE 2022), which was held in Alanya, Turkey.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote on "From Co-Existence to Resilience through Cross-Technology Communication" at the International Conference on Wireless Communications Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET 2022), which was held online.

Our article "BLOWN: A Blockchain Protocol for Single-Hop Wireless Networks under Adversarial SINR" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

Our article "Siting and Sizing Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles with Coordinated Recharging" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles.

Our article "Hybrid-Fidelity: Utilizing IEEE 802.11 MIMO forPractical Aggregation of LiFi and WiFi" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

We congratulate Jorge Torres Gomez for being promoted to IEEE Senior Member.

Our article "Multi-Technology Cooperative Driving: An Analysis Based on PLEXE" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

We welcome Nazila Hashemi who joined our group in February 2022. She will work on wireless communication.

We welcome Bariq Khan who joined our group as an External PhD Candidate in February 2022. Bariq is with Huawai Europe in Munich, Germany.

We congratulate Min Hee Jo for receiving this year's Distinguished Student award at TKN! With the the award, we recognize her valued work and contributions as Student Research Assistant.

We are happy to be part of the LINCNET project. LINCNET stands for LINCNET - LiFi-enabled 5G for INdustrial and MediCal NETworks. In the scope of this project, we will study the integration of LiFi and 5G-based industrial and medical networks.

Our article "Reducing Waiting Times at Charging Stations with Adaptive Electric Vehicle Route Planning" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles.

We are happy to be part of the 6G Platform Germany. In this project, we will support the coordination of research and development on 6G in Germany. The 6G Platform Germany will establish a network for ongoing scientific and industrial 6G research and also connect to major international 6G activities.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote on "Cyber Physical Networks: On Networked Control and Human Interaction" at the 10th International Conference on Networks, Communication and Computing (ICNCC 2021), which was held online.

We welcome Fatih Güleç who joined our group in December 2021. He will work on molecular communication.

Our article "Performance Analysis of UAV Assisted Mobile Communications in THz Channel" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Access journal.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote on "From Vehicular Networking to 5G and Mobile Edge Computing to 6G and Virtual Edge Computing" at the IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM 2021), which was held as in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

Jorge Torres Gómez presented our paper titled A Machine Learning Approach for Abnormality Detection in Blood Vessels via Mobile Nanosensors, which received the Best Paper Award at 2nd ACM International Workshop on Nanoscale Computing, Communication, and Applications (NanoCoCoA 2021).

We are happy to be part of the 6G Research and Innovation Cluster (6G-RIC). In this project, we will explore channel prediction techniques, the use of intelligent reflective surfaces, advanced edge computing, and the integration of reinforcement learning for optimization.

Our proposal ML-driven Radio Resource Management in Wireless Local Area Networks (ML4WIFI) has been accepted for funding by the German research foundation DFG. In this project, we will explore reinforcement learning-based approaches to optimize resource allocationin WiFi networks.

Our article "Precise: Predictive Content Dissemination Scheme Exploiting Realistic Mobility Patterns" has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Networks journal.

Our article "Li-Wi: An Upper Layer Hybrid VLC-WiFi Network Handover Solution" has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Ad Hoc Networks journal.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote on "Towards Cyber Physical Social Systems: On Networked Control and Human Interaction" at the 18th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Smart Systems (MASS 2021), which was held as a virtual conference.

Last weekend, we finally met again in person during a four-day research retreat at Schloss Noer. We had lots of research talks, discussions, and social events.

Julian Heinovski presented our paper titled "CoOP: V2V-based Cooperative Overtaking for Platoons on Freeways" and Lucas Koch presented our paper titled "Accurate physics-based modeling of electric vehicle energy consumption in the SUMO traffic microsimulator" at the 24th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC 2021).

Jorge Torres Gómez presented our paper titled "Age of Information in Molecular Communication Channels" and the paper titled "Molecular Communication Channel Modelling in FPGA Technology" at International Conference on Networked Systems (NetSys 2021), Workshop on Nanonetworks and Nanocomputation (WoNaN 2021).

Jorge Torres Gómez presented our paper titled "Markov Model for the Flow of Nanobots in the Human Circulatory System", Anke Kuestner presented our paper titled "Age of Information in In-Body Nano Communication Networks", and Lukas Stratmann presented our paper titled "Impact of Mobility on Air-Based Macroscopic Molecular Communication – A Simulation Study" at the 8th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication (NanoCom 2021), which was held as a virtual conference this year.

Elnaz Alizadeh Jarchlo successfully defended her PhD on August 26, 2021. Her dissertation is titled "Wireless Handover Solutions in Vehicular Visible Light Communications". She was awarded a Dr.-Ing. degree from TU Berlin.

Our article "Wideband OFDM-based Communications in Bus Topology as a Key Enabler for Industry 4.0 Networks" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Access journal.

Our article "Undergraduate Curriculum to Teach and Provide Research Skills on Hardware Design for SDR Applications in FPGA Technology" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Access journal.

Our article "LSTM-characterized Deep Reinforcement Learning for Continuous Flight Control and Resource Allocation in UAV-assisted Sensor Network" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Internet of Things journal.

Our proposal Dynamic Mobile Networks (DyMoNet) has been accepted for funding by the German research foundation DFG. In this project, we will explore small cell base stations on cars and resource management in such dynamic environments.

We congratulate Dr. Zubow for being elevated to IEEE Senior Member.

Our article "Dwell Time Estimation at Intersections for Improved Vehicular Micro Cloud Operations" has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Ad Hoc Networks.

Muhammad Sohaib Amjad presented our paper titled "Using Visible Light for Joint Communications and Vibration Sensing in Industrial IoT Applications" at the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2021), which was held as a virtual conference this year.

Falko Dressler has (again) been elected as part of the new ACM SIGMOBILE Executive Commitee. He will serve for four years as Vice Chair to the SIGMOBILE community.

Piotr Gawłowicz successfully defended his PhD on June 11, 2021. His dissertation is titled "Towards Collaboration in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks". He was awarded a Dr.-Ing. degree (with distinction) from TU Berlin.

Adam Wolisz just gave a keynote on "Coexistence, Collaboration and Transparency in Radio Communication Systems" at the 22nd IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM 2021), which was held as a virtual conference.

Anatolij Zubow presented our paper titled "Hy-Fi: Aggregation of LiFi and WiFi using MIMO in IEEE 802.11" at the 22nd IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM 2021), which was held as a hybrid conference this year.

We welcome Mengfan Wu who joined our group as an External PhD Candidate in June 2021. Mengfan is with Huawai Europe in Munich, Germany.

Our article "Age of Information in Molecular Communication Channels" has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Digital Signal Processing.

Johannes Blobel presented our paper titled "Low-Power Downlink for the Internet of Things using IEEE 802.11-compliant Wake-Up Receivers" at the 40th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2021), which was held as a hybrid conference this year.

Our article "Distributed Broadcasting in Dynamic Networks" has been accepted for publication in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

Muhammad Sohaib Amjad successfully defended his PhD on May 5, 2021. His dissertation is titled "Towards Low Latency and Bandwidth Efficient Communication in Wireless Systems". He was awarded a Dr.-Ing. degree (with distinction) from TU Berlin.

Our article "FDLA: A Novel Frequency Diversity and Link Aggregation Solution for Handover in an Indoor Vehicular VLC Network" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management.

Our article "Towards an IEEE 802.11 Compliant System for Outdoor Vehicular Visible Light Communications" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

The German Research Foundation (DFG) grants a new priority research program (SPP) on Resilience in Connected Worlds – Mastering Failures, Overload, Attacks, and the Unexpected. The program which is coordinated by Falko Dressler will involve interdisciplinary projects from all over Germany.

• Press release from TU Berlin
• Press release from German Research Foundation

Our article "Distributed Byzantine-Resilient Multiple-Message Dissemination in Wireless Networks" has been accepted for publication in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

We welcome Kai Lennert Bober who joined our group as an External PhD Candidate in April 2021. Lennert is with Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute (HHI), Berlin, Germany.

Muhammad Sohaib Amjad presented our paper titled "Software-based In-Band Full Duplex Relays for IEEE 802.11a/g/p: An Experimental Study" and Sebastian Bräuer presented our paper titled "Towards Software-Centric Listen-Before-Talk on Software-Defined Radios" at the 16th IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2021), which was held as a hybrid conference this year.

Johannes Blobel successfully defended his PhD on March 23, 2021. His dissertation is titled "Energy Efficient Communication using Wake-Up Receivers". He was awarded a Dr.-Ing. degree (with distinction) from TU Berlin.

Our article "Infectious Disease Transmission via Aerosol Propagation from a Molecular Communication Perspective: Shannon Meets Coronavirus" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Communications Magazine.

Our article "Duality between Coronavirus Transmission and Air-based Macroscopic Molecular Communication" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications (T-MBMC), Infectious Diseases Special Issue.

Sigrid Dimce presented our paper titled "mmWave on the Road: Investigating the Weather Impact on 60 GHz V2X Communication Channels" and Anatolij Zubow presented our paper titled "On Phase Offsets of 802.11ac Commodity WiFi" at the 16th IEEE/IFIP Conference on Wireless On demand Network Systems and Services (WONS 2021), which was held as a virtual conference this year.

Anatolij Zubow presented our paper titled "GrGym: When GNU Radio goes to (AI) Gym" at the 22nd ACM International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (HotMobile 2021), which was held as a virtual conference.

Our article "Using Vector Fields for Efficient Simulation of Macroscopic Molecular Communication" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications (T-MBMC), Special Section - Advances in Molecular Communication.

Our article "Teaching differently: The digital signal processing of multimedia content through the use of liberal arts" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

Johannes Blobel is now appointed member of the IEEE Germany Section Executive Committee. He will serve as the section's Head of History Activities. His duties include coordinating all history related activities of the section. He also is involved in the nomination of IEEE Milestones in Germany.

Jorge Torres Gómez is now appointed member of the IEEE Germany Section Executive Committee. He will serve as the section's Head of Educational Activities. His duties include planning and executing training programs to address the technical and professional development of the membership. He will also be in charge of maintaining information about Educational Activities through the IEEE Professional Development Institute.

Our article "Continuous Maneuver Control and Data Capture Scheduling of Autonomous Drone in Wireless Sensor Networks" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

2020 turned out to be a real challenge for us. Nevertheless, we published many papers, received additional funding, and were able to welcome new team members. Now, we wish all of our friends and followers Merry Christmas, a few days of quietness to relax, and a Happy New Year!

Muhammad Sohaib Amjad presented our paper titled "Inband Full-Duplex Relaying for RADCOM-based Cooperative Driving" and Max Schettler presented our paper titled "How to Train your ITS? Integrating Machine Learning with Vehicular Network Simulation" at the 12th IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC 2020), which was held as a virtual conference this year.

Falko Dressler gave a keynote on "From Safety to Scale and Back: Converging Technologies in Vehicular Networks as a Game Changer" at the 12th IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC 2020), which was held as a virtual conference.

Our article Energy-Efficient Cooperative Spectrum Sensing based on Stochastic Programming in Dynamic Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks has been accepted for publication in IEEE Access.

We congratulate Anke Küstner for receiving this year's Distinguished Student award at TKN! With the the award, we recognize her valued work and contributions as Student Research Assistant.

Yesterday, we celebrated Christmas during this year's TKN Christmas Party. Even though it was just a virtual event, we had a lot of fun. The party involved a lot of Christmas decoration, funny games, and nice chats.

Our article "Implementing Abstract MAC Layer in Dynamic Networks" has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

Our article TVA in the wild: Applying the theory of visual attention to game-like and less controlled experiments has been accepted for publication in Open Psychology.

Our article EdgeDASH: Exploiting Network-Assisted Adaptive Video Streaming for Edge Caching has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management.

Our article Vehicular Visible Light Communications: A Survey has been accepted for publication in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

We welcome Tayeba Abidi who joined our group in October 2020. She will work on intrusion detection systems.

Our article Low-power and Low-delay WLAN using Wake-up Receivers has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

Lukas Stratmann co-presented our paper titled "Efficient Simulation of Macroscopic Molecular Communication: The Pogona Simulator" and Anke Küstner presented our paper titled "A Simulation Framework for Connecting In-Body Nano Communication with Out-of-Body Devices" at 7th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication (NANOCOM 2020), which was held as a virtual conference this year.

We welcome Jorge Torres Gomez who joined our group in September 2020. He will work on macroscopic molecular communication.

Piotr Gawlowicz presented our paper titled Punched Cards over the Air: Cross-Technology Communication Between LTE-U/LAA and WiFi, which received the Best Paper Award at 21th IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM 2020).

Falko Dressler gave a keynote on "Cooperative Automated Driving: From CPS to Networking to Human Interaction" at the 21st IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (IEEE WoWMoM 2020), which was held as a virtual conference.

Muhammad Sohaib Amjad presented our paper titled "A Flexible Real-Time Software-based Multi-Band Channel Sounder" at 31st IEEE Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2020).

We welcome Ketki Pitke who joined our group in September 2020. She will work on nano-communication.

Yesterday, our group did a social activity in a High Rope Course in Potsdam. The objective was to finish the tracks, which are running between several trees, while crossing many obstacles of different complexity within each track. We had a lot of fun and were quite exhausted afterwards (that's why the picture is from before).

Piotr Gawlowicz presented our papers titled Cross-Technology Communication between LTE-U/LAA and WiFi, which received the Best Demo Award, and WiFi over VLC using COTS Devices and Florian Klingler presented our paper titled An Open Source Approach to Field Testing of WLAN up to IEEE 802.11ad at 60 GHz Using Commodity Hardware at 39th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2020). Due to the Corona virus situation, the presentations were held online.

Elnaz Alizadeh Jarchlo presented our papers titled A Flexible Transport Layer Protocol Architecture for Handover in a Vehicular VLC Network and Analyzing interface bonding schemes for VLC with mobility and shadowing at 12th IEEE/IET International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP 2020). Due to the Corona virus situation, the presentations were held online.

Our paper "On the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks" is now number 3 of the most highly cited papers of ACM Trans. on Sensor Networks.

We just started a new project UniLocP in cooperation with our partners from industry (contagt GmbH, SonoBeacon GmbH, inclusion AG, GEOkomm e.V.). In this project we will create a unified architecture to provide location information to apps in indoor scenarios.

Our article Towards Smart V2X-Connected Powertrains has been accepted for publication in IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine.

Our proposal Virtual Edge Computing (V-Edge) has been accepted for funding by the German research foundation DFG. In this project, we will explore MEC using virtual edge servers composed of, e.g., clusters of cars.

We just started MedComNet 2020, the 18th Mediterranean Communication and Computer Networking Conference. MedComNet 2020 continues the tradition of the MedHocNet conference series that started in Sardinia in 2006 and was held annually in beautiful locations on the shores of the Mediterranean. This year for the first time the conference will take place on the shores of a lake, in the birth place of Mario Gerla, who was the initiator of this conference series. This year, the conference takes place on-line due to the Corona situation. Our conference features outstanding keynotes by Don Towsley, Izhak Rubin, Jim Kurose, and Anthony Ephremides.

Muhammad Sohaib Amjad presented our paper titled Integrated Communications and Non-Invasive Vibrations Sensing using Strobing Light and Piotr Gawłowicz presented our paper titled Bringing MIMO to VLC using COTS WiFi at IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2020), Workshop on Optical Wireless Communications. Due to corona virus situation, the presentations were held online.

We welcome Elnaz Alizadeh Jarchlo who joined our group in May 2020. She will work on Indoor Visible Light Communication (VLC).

Our article A Smartphone Perspective on Computation Offloading – A Survey has been accepted for publication in Elsevier Computer Communications.

We welcome Sigrid Dimce who joined our group in May 2020. She will work on mmWave communication at 60GHz and 77GHz.

Starting April 1st, the old CCS team from Paderborn and the old TKN team from Berlin have officially been merged into the new Telecommunication Networks (TKN) team at TU Berlin led by Falko Dressler. Due to COVID-19 (Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2), all of us are staying at home and, thus, we had our first joined team meeting virtually today #stayathome #flattenthecurve