Literature Database Entry

shen2023visible

Wen-Hsuan Shen, "Visible Light Communication and Relative Positioning Systems for Connected Autonomous Vehicles," PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University (NTU), July 2023. (Advisor: Hsin-Mu Tsai; Referee: Falko Dressler)

Abstract

The platoon formation of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) is crucial in the next-generation intelligent transportation system (ITS), improving road utilization, fuel consumption, and safety. In a platoon, vehicles continuously share their status information (e.g., the speed, positioning information, throttle, and brake application) via vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications to maintain a uniform driving strategy. As a result, V2V communication and positioning are regarded as two essential components in realizing platooning. Meanwhile, modern vehicles are equipped with LED lighting systems for headlights, taillights, and other lighting. LED is a suitable transmitter (sometimes even receiver) for developing visible light communication (VLC). Leveraging LED technology for communication offers several advantages, including line-of-sight propagation, The line-of-sight propagation of the light, which reduces interference caused by multipath effects and enhances communication and positioning performance. Transforming automotive lighting into a triple-functionality device – communication, positioning, and illumination – can lead to significant cost savings and efficient utilization of resources. This dissertation focuses on developing automotive lighting devices with triple functionality, enabling communication and positioning capabilities using visible light. This study presents two communication and one positioning system based on visible light. First, we present RayTrack, an interference-free outdoor mobile VLC system composed of a digital micromirror device, photodiodes, and an LED. RayTrack can dynamically narrow and adjust its field-of-view according to the transmitter location, effectively mitigating interference from the environment and other transmitters, thus boosting the system throughput. Real-world driving experiments show that RayTrack can achieve a data rate of 607.9 kbps with over 90% detection accuracy at 35 m at driving speeds of 70 - 100 km/hr. The second VLC system comprises a new type of CMOS sensor called a dynamic vision sensor (DVS). DVS monitors the brightness change in each pixel and only generates outputs when it detects a significant change. As the first research endeavor on using a DVS for communication, we examine the event detection performance of DVS with various modulation schemes. According to the preliminary results, we use OOK with Manchester coding for modulation and train an LSTM-based classifier to decode the OOK symbols. Real-world driving experiments show that the DVS-based VLC system achieves a data rate of 2.96 kbps with a bit error rate (BER) lower than 15% at a distance of 30 m. Moreover, it can receive information from multiple transmitters, making it suitable as a side channel for securing V2V communications in platoons. In the last part of this dissertation, we introduce a vehicle localization system based on a projector serving as the headlight, and the receiver is a customized color sensor array. We adopt differential phase shift keying (DPSK) to create a fringe pattern, enabling single-shot positioning. Accurate positioning is achieved by analyzing the received frequency and demodulated phase information. Real-world and dynamic results show that the proposed system can achieve cm-level positioning with a positioning error of 30 cm at a detection distance of 20 m.

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BibTeX reference

@phdthesis{shen2023visible,
    author = {Shen, Wen-Hsuan},
    title = {{Visible Light Communication and Relative Positioning Systems for Connected Autonomous Vehicles}},
    advisor = {Tsai, Hsin-Mu},
    institution = {Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering},
    location = {Taipei, Taiwan},
    month = {7},
    referee = {Dressler, Falko},
    school = {National Taiwan University (NTU)},
    type = {PhD Thesis},
    year = {2023},
   }
   
   

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Last modified: 2024-04-29